Solve this and show all of the work Consider the dissolution of MgO in Al2O3.(a) Using Kröger-Vink notation, write a mass and charge balanced defect reaction assuming that Mgcations on Al sites and Mg interstitials are the only point defects that form. (5 points)(b) Do you expect the density of Al2O3 to increase or decrease when MgO is incorporated accordingto your reaction in part (a)? Briefly explain. (5 points)

Let's break down the questions:(a) Write the Kröger-Vink notation for the dissolution of MgO in…

Answered: Consider the dissolution of MgO in…

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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The equilibrium vacancy concentration at 800 °C is 1015 times of that at 25 °C, calculate the molar Gibbs free energy of formation of vacancy in Joule/mole.
A NIO-20 mol % Mgo ceramic is allowed to solidify. (See the figure below.) Temperature (°C) 2800 2600 2400- 2200 2000 L (Ni, Mg)0 40 60 80 MgO Mole percent MgO NIO 20 (a) Determine the composition (in mol% MgO) of the first solid to form. 80 x (b) Determine the composition (in mol% MgO) of the last liquid to solidify under equilibrium conditions. 35 X%
During freezing of a Cu-Zn alloy, we find that the composition is non-uniform. By heating the alloy to 600°C for 3 hours, diffusion of zinc helps to make the composition more uniform. What temperature would be required if we wished to perform this homogenization treatment in 30 minutes?
Iron (Fe) undergoes an allotropic transformation at 912°C: upon heating from a BCC (α phase) to an FCC (γ phase). Accompanying this transformation is a change in the atomic radius of Fe—from RBCC = 0.12584 nm to RFCC = 0.12894 nm—and, in addition, a change in density (and volume). Compute the percentage volume change associated with this reaction. Indicate a decreasing volume by a negative number.
Problem 2 Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.45 wt% at a position 2 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.20 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.30 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at 1000 °C. Use the diffusion data for y-Fe in Table 5.2.
The equilibrium vacancy concentration at 800 ∘C is 1015 times of that at 25 ∘C, calculate the molar Gibbs free energy of formation of vacancy in Joule/mole.
Copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) alloys form a binary alloy system that dissolves each othercompletely in the liquid state but only partially soluble in each other in the solid state.- The melting point of Cu is 1080 C and the melting point of Ag is 960 C.- At a temperature of 790 C, a eutectic reaction occurs in the 72% Ag alloy. At this temperature, Cucapable of dissolving 10% Ag and its eutectic microstructure is known to have a ratio of /β = 7/19 (findthe point of solubility of Cu in Ag at the eutectic temperature).- At room temperature (25 C), Cu metal can dissolve 5% Ag while Ag metal candissolve 2% Cu.a. Draw a phase diagram of the alloy system complete with the names of points, lines and phase regions.b. The 80%Ag alloy is cooled in equilibrium.i. Draw the cooling curve from liquid to solid state, complete withtemperature, the phases at each stage and the reactions that occur.ii. At the eutectic temperature (4a before and 4b after the eutectic reaction), determine the…
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A student performing this lab experiment receives his unknown solution that may contain ( Ba, Ca, and Mg). And begins to conduct tests to identify 2+ 2+ 2+ the cations present in the unknown solution. Based on the following observation 1) When the unknown solution was treated with K,Cro4, no precipitate was formed. 2) The resulting solution from step 1 was basified with 6M NH, before the addition of aqueous K,C,0, which forms a white precipitate. 3) To the resulting solution from step 2, was treated with ammonia and of Na,HPO,· A white precipitate 4 was formed after heating the solution for 10 minutes at 60°C. Which cations were present in the student's unknown solution? Select one or more: 2+ Ва 2+ Mg 2+ Са
At 660°C the fractional concentration of vacancies in aluminum is 9 × 10-5. The energy for vacancy formation is therefore: a. 0.72 eV b. 1.44 eV c. 0.79 eV d. 0.75 eV e. 0.68 eV
Consider de-oxidation by the addition of ferromanganese (60 percent Mn) to molten steel at 1600°C.The initial oxygen content is 0.04 wt%. It has to be brought down to 0.02 wt%. Calculate the quantity of ferromanganese required per tonne of steel. The manganese content of steel before de- oxidation is 0.1 wt%. (MnO) + [Fe] = [Mn] + (FeO) Given: K Mn at 1873 K = 0.4 K Fe-Mn at 1873 K = 0.156 Assumptions: Fe and Mn form ideal solutions
The activation energy for the diffusion of atomic species A in metal B is 114 kJ/mol. Calculate the diffusion coefficient at 891°C, given that the value of D at 1170°C is 76.7 × 10^-12 m2/s.

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