(c) (1) Fluoroacetate, prepared commercially for rodent control, is also produced by a South Afri-can plant. After entering a cell, fluoroacetate is converted to fluoroacetyl-CoA in a reaction catalyzedby the enzyme acetate thiokinase:F-CH2COO¯ + COA-SH + ATPF-CH2CO-SCOA + AMP + PPjThe toxic effect of fluoroacetate was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After theheart was perfused with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysisdecreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of the cit-ric acid cycle intermediates revealed that their concentrations were below normal, except for citrate,with a concentration 10-fold higher than normal.Where did the block in the citric acid cycle occur? What caused citrate to accumulate and the othercycle intermediates to be depleted? Explain. Why does it block the citric acid cycle?Fluoroacetyl-CoA is enzymatically transformed in the citric acid cycle. Name and draw the structure ofthe end product of fluoroacetate metabolism?How might the inhibition be overcome? Explain.

Let's go ahead and go further into each individual facet, shall we?1. Interrupt the citric acid…

Answered: (c) (1 ) Fluoroacetate, prepared…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter23: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21P: Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved...

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(b) Fluoroacetate, prepared commercially for rodent control, is also produced by a South African plant. After entering a cell, fluoroacetate is converted to fluoroacetyl-CoA in a reaction catalyzed by the en- zyme acetate thiokinase: F-CH2COO + CoA-SH + ATP F-CH2CO-SCOA + AMP + PP The toxic effect of fluoroacetate was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After the heart was perfused with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of the citric acid cycle intermediates revealed that their concentrations were below normal, except for citrate, with a concentration 10-fold higher than normal. (b1) the other cycle intermediates to be depleted? Explain. Why does it block the citric acid cycle? Where did the block in the citric acid cycle occur? What caused citrate to accumulate and (b2) structure of the end product of fluoroacetate metabolism?…
Below is an image of the Krebs cycle: acetyl-CoA oxaloacetate COASH H20 NADH NAD* H20 malate citrate fumarate isocitrate FADH2 NAD* CO2 FAD АТР NADH + ADP succinate GTP NAD+ a-ketoglutarate H20 GDP NADH + CO2 COASH succinyl CoA COASH Consider the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which is coupled with the production the electron carrier FADH2. If this reaction was NOT coupled with the production of FADH2 (and only catalyzed the conversion of succinate to fumarate), how would this impact ATP production through cell respiration? OATP production would stop because no high energy electron carriers would be produced ATP production would still occur, but there would be a much lower ATP yield because a large number of electron carriers are no longer being made ATP production would stop because without FADH2 we will no longer have electrons moving through the electron transport chain ATP production would still occur, but there would be a slightly lower ATP yield because a small number of…
In the presence of saturating amounts of oxaloacetate, the activity of citrate synthase from pig heart tissue shows a sigmoid dependence on the concentration of acetyl‑CoA. When succinyl‑CoA is added, the curve shifts to the right and the sigmoid dependence is more pronounced.
Fatty acids are activated for breakdown through the action of acyl-CoA synthestase. Which of the following statements regarding acyl-CoA synthetase is not true? ● It catalyzes the addition of CoA to the fatty acid One of the products of the reaction is ADP. O The free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by this reaction is close to 0 kJ/mol, but the subsequent hydrolysis of pyrophosphate drives the reaction forward. O The reaction results in the formation of a thioester bond.
Fatty acids are converted to their coenzyme A esters in a reversible reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase: R-COO +ATP +COA R-C-COA +AMP + PPi a) The reaction involves two steps the first of which forms an enzyme-bound intermediate identified as the mixed anhydride of the fatty acid and AMP: R-C-O-P-O-nibose-adenine Write two chemical equations coresponding to the two steps of the reaction catalyzed by the synthetase. b) The acyl-CoA synthetase reaction as written above is readily reversible. How might the reaction be made to favor formation of fatty acyl-CoA? Write within the box. Anything outside the box will not be graded. From the
The citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, answering with only one option is incorrect. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4
The synthesis of the activated form of acetate (acetyl-CoA) is carried out in an ATP-dependent process: Acetate + CoA + ATP → acetyl-CoA + AMP + PPi (a) The ∆G’o for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA is - 32.2 kJ/mol and that for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi is - 30.5 kJ/mol. Calculate ∆G’o for the ATP-dependent synthesis of acetyl-CoA. (b) Almost all cells contain the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of PPi to Pi. What effect does the presence of this enzyme have on the synthesis of acetyl-CoA? Explain.
Referring to figure 5 and 8 which substrate molecule serves as the phosphate donor during substrate-level phosphorylation in step 10 of glycosis and the succinyl CoA-succinate step of the Krebs Cycle?
The enzyme-bound intermediate in this reaction has been identified as the mixed anhydride of the fatty acid and adenosine 2ºmonophosphate (AMP), acyl-AMP. R-C-O-P-O-CH2 0- Adenine 0. H H H H OH OH Complete the two equations corresponding to the two steps of the reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. Step 1: R-COO¯+ → acyl-AMP + COA ATP Step 2: Acyl-AMP + AMP → acyl- ADP + P H₂O H+ ATP COA The acyl-CoA synthe PP n is readily reversib i PP; ibrium constant near 1. How can this reaction be made 1
A biological Claisen reaction occurs in the conversion of two acetyl CoA molecules to one acetoacetyl CoA. Analyze each step of the incomplete mechanism and add the missing curved arrows. The base is abbreviated as B: in the mechanism.
Decylic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Calculate the net ATP yield when decylic acid undergoes complete B oxidation. The formula of decylic acid is shown below: (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP.) O 50 ATP O 52 ATP 66 ATP OH O 64 ATP
What compound(s) were the most effective inhibitors and what compound(s) were the most effective activators?

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