Bacteria can evolve resistance to antibioticsquickly because of which processes? Select all thatapply.ConjugationO Natural selectionGenetic driftMutationO Antibiotics

All of the main types of antibiotics have been rendered ineffective by pathogenic microorganisms,…

Answered: Bacteria can evolve resistance to…

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

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Problem 1CS: There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s....

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Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions of years, no mechanism, has evolved in bacteria to prevent the viruses from lysing the cell walls of their hosts. Now, scientists are targeting the same bacterial wall components that bacteriophages do. The goal is to develop antibiotics that bacteria will be less likely to develop resistance to. FIGURE 20.22 shows the results of a study to test Epimerox, a new bacteriophage-inspired antibiotic, against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial species that causes the disease anthrax. FIGURE 20.22 Effect of Epimerox on the survival of mice with anthrax. Mice were infected with the bacteria B. anthracis. One group of 15 then began receiving a drug-free buffer solution 3 hours later. Another 15 were treated with Epimerox beginning 3 hours after infection. A third group of 15was treated with Epimerox beginning 24 hours after infection. What do these data indicate regarding the optimal time to begin Epimerox treatment?
Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions of years, no mechanism, has evolved in bacteria to prevent the viruses from lysing the cell walls of their hosts. Now, scientists are targeting the same bacterial wall components that bacteriophages do. The goal is to develop antibiotics that bacteria will be less likely to develop resistance to. FIGURE 20.22 shows the results of a study to test Epimerox, a new bacteriophage-inspired antibiotic, against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial species that causes the disease anthrax. FIGURE 20.22 Effect of Epimerox on the survival of mice with anthrax. Mice were infected with the bacteria B. anthracis. One group of 15 then began receiving a drug-free buffer solution 3 hours later. Another 15 were treated with Epimerox beginning 3 hours after infection. A third group of 15was treated with Epimerox beginning 24 hours after infection. In studies with Bacillus anthracis cells grown in culture, no Epimerox-resistant cells were observed. Explain why this result is consistent with the scientists' goal for developing this drug.
Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although bacteriophages have been infecting bacteria for billions of years, no mechanism, has evolved in bacteria to prevent the viruses from lysing the cell walls of their hosts. Now, scientists are targeting the same bacterial wall components that bacteriophages do. The goal is to develop antibiotics that bacteria will be less likely to develop resistance to. FIGURE 20.22 shows the results of a study to test Epimerox, a new bacteriophage-inspired antibiotic, against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial species that causes the disease anthrax. FIGURE 20.22 Effect of Epimerox on the survival of mice with anthrax. Mice were infected with the bacteria B. anthracis. One group of 15 then began receiving a drug-free buffer solution 3 hours later. Another 15 were treated with Epimerox beginning 3 hours after infection. A third group of 15was treated with Epimerox beginning 24 hours after infection. How long did it take for all the mice that received the drug-free buffer alone to die? What function did this group play in the experiment?
Figure 13.6 Which of the following statements is true? a. Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall formed from peptidoglycan. b. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. c. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. d. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall made of phospholipids.
Bacteriophages kill their host quickly by ______ . a. binary fission b. a lytic pathway c. a lysogenic pathway d. transformation
All mutations ________. a. result from radiation b. lead to evolution c. are caused by DNA damage d. change the DNA sequence
Evolution ________. a. is change in a line of descent b. is the same as natural selection c. is the goal of natural selection d. explains the origin or life
Stanley Millers experiment demonstrated that__________ a. Earth is more than 4 billion years old b. under some conditions, amino adds can assemble spontaneously c. oxygen is necessary for all life d. DNA is less stable than KM A
Which of these statements is true? An antibiotic is any substance produced by a organism that is antagonistic to the growth of prokaryotes An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of other viruses An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that is antagonistic to the growth of eukaryotic cells An antibiotic is any substance produced by a prokaryote that prevents growth of the same prokaryote.
Particles that transfer genetic material from one species to another, especially in marine prokaryotes horizontal gene transfer lateral gene transfer genome fusion device gene transfer agents
Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings. Why might health care providers be concerned? Pathogenic bacteria could introduce disease-causing genes in non-pathogenic bacteria Antibiotic resistance genes could be introduced to new bacteria to create “superbugs. ” Bacteriophages could spread DNA encoding toxins to new bacteria All of the above.
HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Before blending what percentage of each isotope. 35S and 32P, was extracellular (outside the bacteria)?

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Bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics quickly because of which processes? Select all that apply. O Conjugation Natural selection Genetic drift Mutation