(b) The GLUT system is highly selective for glucose. It also speeds up the rate of glucosetransport across the membrane by as much as 100-fold when compared to the passive diffusionof glucose across a bilayer in the absence of any transport system. While impressive, this rate oftransport is much slower than purely diffusion limited rate of movement (ie. the fastest amolecule can move by diffusion). Given this fact, on the blank plot below draw the expectedrelationship between the rate of GLUT-mediated transport and increasing [glucose]? Use thespace below the graph to explain your answer.fastTransport Rateslowlow[glucose]high(c) Next, use a dashed line on the same plot above to draw the shape of the curve when theamount of GLUT transporters in the membrane is cut in half. Briefly explain your answer in thespace provided below the graph.

The Glucode transporter (GLUT) is involved in the facilitated diffusion of glucose across the cell…

Answered: (b) The GLUT system is highly selective…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The transport of glucose into most cells occurs by facilitated diffusion. Because diffusion occurs from a higher to a lower concentration, glucose cannot accumulate within these cells at a higher concentration than exists outside the cell. Once glucose enters a cell, it is rapidly converted to other molecules, such as glucose phosphate or glycogen. What effect does this conversion have on the cell' ability to transport glucose?
The Na+/glucose Cotransporter The active transport of glucose is mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporter. This is a symporter; that is, both the sodium ion and the glucose molecule are passing through the membrane in the same direction: sodium DOWN its gradient of about 140 mM outside to 10 mM inside while glucose is going UP its gradient (0.005 mM -> 5 mM) T=37oC and Vm = -70 mV CALCULATE THE ΔGin for Na+ (show work) – and is this enough energy to move glucose in? Or do you need to move 2 Na+ in for each glucose co-transported in? Explain
Rat heart muscle operating aerobically fills more than 90% of its ATP needs by oxidative phosphorylation. If each gram of tissue consumes O2 at the rate of 12.0 micromol/min, with glucose as the fuel source. (a) Calculate the rate at which the heart muscle consumes glucose and produces ATP. (b) Consider an alternate scenario – what would be the rate of consumption if the energy source was a solely triglycerides whose fatty acyl chains were each 14-C in length and saturated? (Assume the O2 consumption rate remains at 12.0 micromol/min) (c) For a steady-state concentration of ATP of 6.0 micromol/g of heart muscle tissue, calculate the time required (in seconds) to completely turn over the cellular pool of ATP if glucose us used as the sole fuel source. What does this result indicate about the need for tight regulation of ATP production? (Note: Concentrations are expressed as micromoles per gram of muscle tissue because the tissue is mostly water.)
Provide examples and describe basic structure/function of plasma membrane components– Phospholipids (Which is charged, what is the functional significance? Are they preferentially located on cytosolic or extracellular lipid monolayer? What is the functional significance of plasma membrane asymmetry?)– Describe phosphatidylserine signaling– Cholesterol: how does it maintain optimal fluidity?– Glycolipids– Proteins
K+ [Select] [Select] A Na+ Primary active transport is being shown by transporter [Select] which uses [Select] ATP [Select] B The transported molecules in this mechanism are being moved [Select] to move Glucose active transport is being shown by transporter [Select] which uses the gradient. Secondary to move against the gradient. When both the molecules move through a transporter in the same direction as in B, this type of transport is called antiport.
If you start with 100 mM Na+ and 100 mM K+ outside the liposomes, and 100 mM Na+ and 100 mM K+ inside the liposomes like in (A), then you add ATP to the solution outside the liposomes, then how will the Na+ and K+ concentrations change?
Protein: glucose transporter, Role: Sugar transport across the plasma membrane. Where is this protein synthesized? Be as specific as possible and briefly explain your choice
SIDE A SIDE B 5 g Glucose 0g Sucrose 100 mL Water jinarnitoij - 0.20M 0g Glucose 5 g Sucrose 100 mL Water Linannitol) 0.20 M Side A Side B How would you describe the level of water (the membrane is permeable to glucose but not permeable to sucrose) in this experiment after 5 days? Multiple Choice water level will be higher on side B water level will stay the same on both sides water level will be higher on side A water level will decrease on both sides
Which of the following is the correct summary of the anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the skeletal muscle? Glucose + ADP + Pi ⟶ lactate + ATP Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ⟶ 2 lactate + 2ATP Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ ⟶ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ Glucose + ADP + Pi ⟶ pyruvate + ATP Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi ⟶ 2 pyruvate + 2ATP
"Transporters saturate at high concentrations of the transported molecule when all their binding sites are occupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind the ions they transport and thus the flux of ions through a channel does not saturate." is true or false.
If a skeletal muscle has depleted its stores of ATP how will the altered transport properties of the following transporters affect cytosolic ion concentrations (increase, decrease, no change) relative to normal? Skeletal Muscle Cell With Depleted ATP Stores Ion transporter Cytosolic K+ Cytosolic Na+ Cytosolic Ca2+ NKA NCX SERCA
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that freely enters the target cells to act within the cell. Epinephrine is a polar monoamine (amino acid) hormone that interacts with receptors on the cell's surface. What accounts for this difference? [Select any/all that apply.] Steroids are charged and hydrophilic, so aldosterone passed through a transport protein. Steroids are hydrophobic so aldosterone passed through the membrane by simple diffusion. Epinepherine (amino acid) hormone is hydrophilic, so it cannot diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer. Epinepherine (amino acid) hormone could diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer but it is attracted to the receptor protein.

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