An article in the Journal of the American Medical Assocation described an experiment to investigate the effect of four treatments on various body characteristics. In this double-blind experiment, each of 64 female subjects age 65 or older was assigned at random toone of the following four treatments:1) P + P: placebo "growth hormone" and placebo "steroid"2) P + S: placebo "growth hormone" and the steroid estradiol3) G + P: growth hormone and placebo "steroid"4) G + S: growth hormone and the steroid estradiolThe change in body fat mass was measured over the 26-week period following the treatments. Using the information provided above and in the partial table below, complete the ANOVA table (use 2 decimals for your SS, MS, and F value answers).Source of VariationTreatmentErrorTotaldfSum of Squares208.55Mean Square2.53XFXX

Given that: Number of treatments, k=4 Number of observations, n=64 ANOVA Table: Source of…

Answered: An article in the Journal of the…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A 2012 article in the New England Journal reports the results of a randomized trial to assess the association between regular usage of asthma medication prior to turning 18 years old, and height at age 18 years. As per the authors, "From December 1993 through September 1995, we randomly assigned 1041 children between the ages of 5 and 13 years with mild-to-moderate asthma to one of three study groups in the double-blind, placebo-controlled CAMP trial." (reference: Kelly H, et al. Effect of Inhaled Glucocorticoids in Childhood on Adult Height. New England of Medicine (2012). 367 (10)) The random assignment groups were Budesonide, Nedocromil and placebo. The following graphic shows the distribution of female and male participant heights at different times in the study follow-up, presented for the Budesonide and placebo samples. A Unadjusted Height Distribution 200 I Budesonide I Placebo 190 180- 170- 160- 150- 140- 130- 120- 110- 100- 0- Trial entry 2 Yr Trial end Adult Trial entry 2 Yr…
Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?
Vitamin E and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: Klien et al (2011) conducted the following study to determine the effect of vitamin E and selenium treatment on the risk of developing prostate cancer in healthy men. A total of 34,887 men from different study sites in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico were randomly selected. To be eligible to participate, the men had to take a rectal examination that showed he was not suspicious of having prostate cancer and be aged 50 years or older for black men and 55 years or older for all others. Each man was randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments: selenium, vitamin E, selenium and vitamin E together, or a placebo. The men were followed up after 8 years to see if they had developed prostate cancer or not. The main question of interest is to determine if the risk of developing prostate cancer differs by the treatment taken. The data are summarized in the table below: No Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Total Selenium 8,752 8,737 8,702…
Q1: Placebo effect of exercise In a high-profile research study, Crum and Langer (2007) performed an experiment to test whether the relationship between physical exercise and health is impacted by one's mindset: in other words, if there is any "placebo effect" of exercise. A sample of 84 randomly selected hotel workers in the United States were placed either into a treatment group (n=44) or control group (n=40) depending on which hotel they worked at. The treatment group was given information demonstrating how their work is good physical exercise, while the control group was not given this information. They measured the body mass index (BMI) for each worker before the experiment and again four weeks after the experiment. a. Are the treatment group and control group independent of each other, and if so why? b. Now consider the treatment group alone: are the measurements of BMI taken before and after the experiment independent of each other, and if so why? c. What is the most appropriate…
Trichotillomania is a psychiatric illness that causes its victims to have an irresistible compulsion to pull their own hair. Two drugs were compared as treatments for trichotillomania in a study involving 13 women. Each women took clomipramine during one time period and desipramine during another time period in a double-blind experiment. Scores on a trichotillomania-impairment scale, in which high scores indicate greater impairment, were measured on each women during time period. The average of the 13 measurements for clomipramine was 6.2; the average of the 13 measurements for desipramine as 4.2. (a) A paired t test was used to test whether the mean difference between these two drugs is 0, resulting in a test statistics t∗ = 2.47. Find the sample standard deviation Sd. (b) Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between the two drugs and give the conclusion.
A large clinical trial of the effect of diet on breast cancer assigned women at random to either a normal diet or a low-fat diet. To check that the random assignment did produce comparable groups, we can compare the two groups at the start of the study. Asked if there is a family history of breast cancer: 1276 of the 5964 women in the low-fat group and 1507 of the 7726 women in the control group said "Yes." If the random assignment worked well, there should not be a significant difference in the proportions with a family history of breast cancer. How significant is the observed difference? State: Is there evidence of a difference in the proportion of women with a family history of breast cancer between the treatment and control groups? Plan: Let pi be the proportion for the treatment group, and Pz the proportion for the control group. State the hypotheses for your test. Ha:Pi + P2 Solve: Give the value of the test statistic. Use the calculator. Select an answer ♥ Ho:pi = p2 What is the…
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, children were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 125 of 746 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced fever as a side effect. After the second dose, 82 of 627 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced fever as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced fever as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a= 0.01 level of significance? Find the test statistic for this hypothesis test. (Round to two decimal places as needed.)
In a study on the effect of an oral rinse on plaque buildup on teeth, sixteen people whose teeth were thoroughly cleaned and polished were randomly assigned to two groups of eight subjects each. Both groups were assigned to use oral rinses (no brushing) for a 2-week period. Group 1 used a rinse that contained an antiplaque agent. Group 2, the control group, received a similar rinse except that the rinse contained no antiplaque agent. A measure of plaque buildup was recorded at 14 days with means and standard deviations for the two groups shown in the table. Control Group Antiplaque Group Sample Size 8 8. Mean 1.22 0.77 Standard Deviation 0.33 0.33 n USE SALT (a) State the null and alternative hypotheses that should be used to test the effectiveness of the antiplaque oral rinse. O Ho: (H, - H2) = 0 versus H: (, - H2) 0 O Ho: (H1 - H2) = 0 versus H,: (H, - H2) > 0 O Ho: (H1 - H2) = 0 versus H.: (4, - H2) # 0 (b) Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that the oral…
one- Oishi and Schimmack (2010) report that people who move from home to home frequently as children tend to have lower than average levels of well-being as adults. To further examine this relationship, a psychol- ogist obtains a sample of n = 12 young adults who each experienced 5 or more different homes before they were 16 years old. These participants were given
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, monkeys were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 117 of 750 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 74 of 631 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a = 0.05 level of significance? Determine the P-value for this hypothesis test. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) Interpret the P-value. If the population proportions are one would expect a sample difference proportion the one observed in about out of 1000 repetitions of this experiment. (Round to the nearest integer as needed.) State the conclusion for this hypothesis test. A. Reject Ho.…
A study prospectively examined whether sleep-disordered breathing was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause in a cohort of 600 adults participating in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Study participants were classified into four groups depending on the extent of their sleep-disordered breathing (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The counts of deaths over the course of the study are reported for each group in the following two-way table. Death No Death Total None 40 100 140 Mild 40 100 140 Moderate 20 100 120 Severe 100 100 200 Total 200 400 600 We want to know whether the study findings give evidence of a significant difference of the number of deaths between the different groups. The observed test statistic is 3.610 42.857 5.476 8.075
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