Alphabetical order] Name all of 7 ketogenic acids that convert to acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA
Q: Fatty acid biosynthesis begins with the condensation of a two-carbon acetyl residue from acetyl-COA…
A: Fatty acid biosynthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action…
Q: Most fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to…
A: For the given reaction the co enzymes required are given below: There are two steps reaction
Q: If Acetyl CoA is converted to a ketone, it is likely that which of the following is undergoing…
A: more then one option is correct. Correct answer are oxaloacetate and fatty acids. Incorrect one are…
Q: All of the following enzymes catalyze a committed step EXCEPT: HMG-CoA reductase Fatty acyl-CoA…
A: Commitment steps in metabolic pathways are those reactions that are typically irreversible reactions…
Q: If the w-carbon atom of a fatty acyl CoA molecule with a C12 chain is labeled with C14, how…
A: A fatty acid has 2 ends; a methyl (CH3-) end and a carboxylate (-COO-) end.Similarly, a fatty acyl…
Q: Which reaction below corresponds with substrate level phosphorylation?…
A: Substrate level phosphorylation is a metabolism reaction that results in the production of ATP or…
Q: Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using…
A: Two pyruvate molecules are produced during the glycolysis of one glucose molecule. The multi-enzyme…
Q: Identify the Krebs cycle enzyme that consumes a 3-carbon substrate molecule, producing a 2- carbon…
A: A sequence of reactions within the living organism during which oxidization of acetic acid or acetyl…
Q: Stearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure…
A: A long aliphatic chain of saturated or unsaturated attached to a carboxylic acid is called Fatty…
Q: If all of the pentose phosphate pathway is functioning (both oxidative and non-oxidative portions),…
A: Pentose Phosphate Pathway, also called the HMP shunt pathway is a multipurpose biochemical pathway…
Q: Only one acetyl CoA molecule is used directly in fatty acid synthesis. Identify the carbon atoms in…
A: Fatty acids are the biomolecules that are formed of a long hydrocarbon chain attached to the…
Q: the conversion of fatty acids to 2-carbon units of acetyl CoA ketogenesis the conversion of an amino…
A: Metabolic pathways can be linear , cyclic or spiral. Flow of metabolites through metabolic pathway…
Q: Complete the balanced equation for the synthesis of the fatty acid. Acetyl-CoA + y ATP + z NADPH + z…
A: Fatty acid synthesis reaction occurs in the cytoplasm of animal cells. This synthesis reaction…
Q: Step 2 of B-oxidation involves a reaction with chemistry characterized as a dehydration. B-Oxidation…
A: Introduction: The oxidation of fatty acid on the β-carbon atom is beta-oxidation. It occurs in the…
Q: The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA consists of three steps. Identify these three steps and…
A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is an enzyme complex composed of 3 enzymes.Pyruvate…
Q: Peroxisomes have an alternative pathway for oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acids. They contain a…
A: Consider linoleate, a C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid with cis-∆9 and cis-∆12 double bonds. When…
Q: A fatty acid (a long straight-chain carboxylic acid with an even number of carbons) is metabolized…
A: The β-oxidation pathway completes the degradation of saturated fatty acids having an even number of…
Q: Consider the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic…
A: β-oxidation generally occurs in the mitochondria, and it is the pathway for degradation of fatty…
Q: For myristic acid, C 13H 27CO 2H: (a) How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from complete…
A: β-oxidation : β-oxidation of fatty acids involves four series of reactions. In this reaction the…
Q: Which of these are components of animal fatty acid synthase (FAS)? B-ketoacyl reductase enoyl…
A: The majority of healthy human tissues primarily create new structural lipids from circulating…
Q: (a) Indicate the steps involved in its oxidation to acetyl-CoA and/or other products (NADH, FADH2,…
A: Beta oxidation of FA is a metabolism of FA which is a cyclic process and at each step one…
Q: [Alphabetical order] Name the sixth of 6 glucogenic amino acids that convert to pyruvate.
A: Glucogenic amino acid: Glucogenic amino acids are amino acids that produce pyruvate or TCA cycle…
Q: For each of the steps below, choose (A) if the step pertains to b-oxidation, (B) if the step…
A: The synthesis of fatty acid in the liver, kidney, and adipose tissues. It requires cytosomal enzymes…
Q: What is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of acetyl CoA? oxidation regeneration of…
A: The first step in Krebs cycle requires Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate to form Citrate. But how is the…
Q: How many ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of each propionyl-CoA product of fatty acid…
A: Complete oxidation of fatty acyl CoA takes place during Krebs cycle which produced reduced…
Q: Beta-Oxidation of a 15:14⁹ fatty acid will result in the production of which of the following? 7…
A: The given fatty acid is composed of 15 carbon and it has a single double bond present in it. It…
Q: A biological Claisen reaction occurs in the conversion of two acetyl CoA molecules to one…
A: Introduction: The condensation reactions involve the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds. The most…
Q: In the presence of an excess of [14C]acetyl- COA, the metabolic pool of malonyl-CoA becomes labeled…
A: Lipids are the biomolecules that are esters of fatty acids along with alcohol where fatty acids are…
Q: True or False: Propionyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA. Succinyl-CoA is then converted to malate…
A: Beta oxidation if even-numbered fatty acids yield acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form…
Q: Behenate (C22H44O2) can be obtained by chain elongation from palmitate. How many ATP equivalents are…
A: Introduction;- Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, abbreviated as ATP and generally written without the 5′-,…
Q: Will an amino acid be glucogenic or ketogenic if it is catabolized to the following molecules?(a)…
A: Glucogenic amino acids are the amino acids that are converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis…
Q: Identify the label in the correct position in the following: C-1 of acetyl CoA to malate (one cycle)…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the reaction of oxidative decarboxylation in which…
Q: Consider the each of the amino acids in the peptide below.…
A: Amino Acids: Although the liver is the primary location for amino acid metabolism, other organs…
Q: If the brain needs glucose, then gluconeogenesis stops after reaction (9, 8, 10, 2) because…
A: Gluconeogenesis is synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursor molecules such as glycerol,…
Q: Under conditions where ketone bodies are being produced in the liver, how many ATPs can be produced…
A: The oxidation of fats produces a large number of ATP. The fat oxidation takes place in the…
Q: Which of the following enzymes is unique to the liver? Beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase HMG-CoA…
A: Different organs contain different sets of enzymes. The types of enzymes present in an organ dictate…
Q: The carboxylation of acetyl CoA to synthesize malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase requires…
A: One of the B vitamins is biotin, sometimes referred to as vitamin H or B7. Both in humans and other…
Q: Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity by several…
A: Glucagon, a hormone, has the ability to regulate the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. It is able…
Q: Which enzyme is used for both the synthesis and breakdown of acetoacetate? thiolase O HMG-CoA…
A: Proteins that catalyse chemical reactions in living organisms are known as enzymes. They function as…
Q: How many NADH, FADH2, NADPH and ATP will be generated when breaking this fatty acid down into…
A: Fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA by beta-oxidation within the mitochondrial matrix and…
Q: A fatty acid (a long straight-chain carboxylic acid with an even number of carbons) is metabolized…
A: Beta-oxidation is a metabolic process that involves multiple steps by which fatty acid molecules are…
Q: If the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA were marked with 14C, where would that carbon be located within…
A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation (catabolic…
Q: What is the final reaction in the final round of fatty acid synthase? Acetyl-CoA ACP Transacylase…
A: The question is asking about the final reaction in the process of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid…
Q: The synthesis of citrate from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate is a biosynthetic reaction. What is the…
A: Acetyl CoA is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrates…
Q: What enzyme is the point of regulation for fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasm? Fatty acid…
A: Fatty acids are important micromolecules which combine together to form lipids in plants, animals…
[Alphabetical order] Name all of 7 ketogenic acids that convert to acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA.
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- Thiolase is homologous in structure to the condensing enzyme. On the basis of this observation, propose a mechanism for the cleavage of 3-ketoacyl CoA by CoA.Starting with pyruvate (CH3COCOO—) as the precursor, the first step of gluconeogenesis is activation of pyruvate. Show the reaction for activation of pyruvate. Name the enzyme and coenzyme for this reaction. Why is the activation step necessary? What is the next step after the activation step?B1. Complete the Kreb's Cycle Acetyl CoA Citric Acd Malate dehydrogenase NADH NAD Isocitrate NAD Isocitrate Fumarase dehydrogenase NADH Fumarate NAD" FAD COASH Succinate dehydrogenase Succinate Succinyl CoA Succinyl CoA synthetase B2. How many ATP molecules can be produced from 4 molecules of Acetyl CoA if all of them enter the Kreb's Cycle? Assume all the energy yielding products enters the electron transport chain.
- Fatty acids are activated for breakdown through the action of acyl-CoA synthestase. Which of the following statements regarding acyl-CoA synthetase is not true? ● It catalyzes the addition of CoA to the fatty acid One of the products of the reaction is ADP. O The free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by this reaction is close to 0 kJ/mol, but the subsequent hydrolysis of pyrophosphate drives the reaction forward. O The reaction results in the formation of a thioester bond.For each fatty acid: [1] How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from complete catabolism? [2] How many cycles of ß-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? a. oleic acid (C18H340₂) --- molecules of acetyl CoA [2] ___ cycles [1] b. erucic acid (C22H4202) molecules of acetyl CoA [2]___ cyclesFill in the blanks below (input numbers only!) about the metabolism of hexanoic acid, a fatty acid that is one of the components of vanilla, and whose formula is CH3(CH2)4COOH: First, the fatty acid is activated by attaching CoA, which costs ATP molecules. The fatty acid is then broken down through a beta-oxidation spiral, to make acetyl CoA molecules. This will require "turns" of the beta-oxidation process. Since each turn of the cycle yields ATP molecules, and each acetyl COA will yield ATP molecules by going through the rest of its metabolism, the net ATP molecules produced from one molecule of this fatty acid will be
- Compare and contrast the pathway by which fatty acids are degraded (B-oxidation) with the pathway by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA. Comment on the following: (i) nature of the "activated" structures (ii) coenzymes involved (iii) stereochemistry of the intermediates (iv) sites where pathways occurWhat enzyme(s) is/are specifically required for the oxidation of a Aeven monounsaturated fatty acid? (select all that apply) O Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase O enoyl-CoA Hydratase 43-enoyl-CoA isomerase Thiolase 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA Reductase OPropionyl-CoA carboxylaseHow many acetyl-CoA molecules can be produced from a 20-carbon chain free fatty acid?
- Fill in the gaps (type your answers in all capital letters): Lactate fermentation is an important pathway, allowing the body to regenerate the co-factor in the absence of (molecule). During the process of cellular respiration, the enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-coA using five co-factors, including |(name one). Acetyl-CoA is a substrate of the ТСА сycle, where tior one acetyl-CoA one of the TCA cycle produces molecules of and 1 molecule of that function as electron carriers.Three metabolites that can result from the breakdown of the carbon skeleton of amino acids are ketone bodies, acetyl-CoA, and glucose. Briefly describe how each of these metabolites can be produced from amino acid catabolism.The citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, answering with only one option is incorrect. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4
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