After the initial Actualization of the Cit+ phenotype, there was another alteration to the A-3 genome that resulted in increased growth (e.g. Refinement).   What explained the increase in growth rate in response to Refinement?   A.  Increase number of transporters localized to the plasma membrane.   B.  Increased ability to metabolize glucose.   C.  Increased citric acid cycle activity.   D.  Altered promoter activity resulting in constitutive gene expression.

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Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.