A p53 knockout mouse in which both copies of p53 are defectivehas been produced by researchers. This type of mouse appears normalat birth. However, it is highly sensitive to UV light. Based onyour knowledge of p53, explain the normal appearance at birth andthe high sensitivity to UV light.

Q: QUESTION 8 Which of the following is true of the RAS proto-oncogene? O Mutations involving RAS are…

A: Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence of an organism. Small changes, such as adding or…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the cells.…

Q: What is the definition of Driver Mutations & Passenger Mutations? Also describe why each are…

A: A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA sequence. Mutations can occur as a result of errors in…

Q: For each element in the list that follows, indicate whatkind of molecule it is (DNA, RNA, protein,…

A: The genes CsrA and CsrB are known as the global regulators of suites of target genes that are…

Q: Can we identify general featurescommon to all cancer cells—such astheir production of misfolded,…

A: Cancer can be of different types depending upon the type of cells, organ affected, and stage. The…

Q: Why is it harder to develop a drug that targets a tumor suppressor gene compared to an oncogene…

A: Uncontrolled cell division in the cells may result into the tumor formation. Sometimes the cells may…

Q: Researchers have successfully used gene therapy toameliorate some human genetic diseases by adding…

A: Gene therapy is a process in which normal copies of genes are introduced into cells, where they can…

Q: What significance do BRCA1 and BRCA2 have in regard to developing cancer, and what types of cancer…

A: BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 are found pair in all the organisms where one gene is obtained from each of the…

Q: Researchers have identified a gene in humans that (when mutated) causes tremors and unstable walking…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: The family of a sixth-grade boy in Palo Alto, California, wasinformed by school administrators that…

A: Cystic fibrosis is a condition caused due to mutations in the CFTR gene. The gene is responsible for…

Q: The following is true about epigenetic gene control: O epigenetic changes to the chromatin may…

A: Epigenetics is that the study of however your behaviors and surroundings will cause changes that…

Q: Define Suppressor Mutations.

A: Suppressor mutations are helpful for distinguishing new genetic sites that have an effect on a…

Q: Explain the role of p53 protein in protecting normal cells against cancer. With respect to this…

A: The cell is the primary unit of all living entities. The normal cell undergoes some necessary…

Q: Compared to a differentiated cell in the body, embryonic cells at the blastocyst stage have: O Less…

A: In the human embryo development, the preimplantation period is characterized by changes occurring in…

Q: The three homeodomain proteins Abd-B, Abd-A, andUbx are encoded by genes within the Bithorax…

A: Homeotic genes are a set of genes that are involved in the regulation of the pattern of anatomical…

Q: Can expression or the timing of expression of therapeuticgenes be controlled in a patient so that…

A: In genetics, gene therapy is defined as the introduction of the genetic material  in the DNA in…

Q: Some germ-line mutations predispose individuals tocancer, yet often environmental factors…

A: A germline mutation is also called a germinal mutation. It refers to identifiable changes in the…

Q: . Cells containing missense mutations in the crp gene(encoding the positive regulator CRP) are Lac−,…

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: Some studies have pointed that mutant p53 proteins have gained a novel function by inactivating…

A: P53 is an important protein that is considered a tumor-suppressing gene. The presence of p53…

Q: What is/are the role/s of molecular techniques in understanding cancer? Cite some references from…

A: In cancer, cells grow abnormally. Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of diseases. The…

Q: According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop.…

A: A new multihit model of carcinogenesis is produced for use in assessing age-explicit disease rate…

Q: // Which CDK and cyclin does p53 ultimately target in DNA damaged conditions? O CDK1/cyclin E O…

A: CDK phosphorylate soecific target proteins. They required cyclin to be activate. CDK-cyclin…

Q: The palladin gene, which plays a role in pancreatic cancer (see theintroduction to this chapter), is…

A: A disease is an abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure and function of an…

Q: For each of the terms in the left column, choose thebest matching phrase in the right column.a.…

A: Gene is the specific sequence of nucleotide in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA)…

Q: Describe the underlying causes of epigenetic changes associated with cancer.

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: ''In the cellular regulatory pathways that controlcell growth and proliferation, the products of…

A: Cell regulation involves a complex mechanism of different cell signaling pathways that work in a…

Q: What are Ras protein and p53?

A: Different proteins control different mechanisms in the body in inducing the cell growth, cell…

Q: xplain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.

A: cancer may be a disease during which a number of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to…

Q: What marker proteins does BRCA1 directly and indirectly interact with ? Is RAD51 and p53 a marker…

A: The genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer genes 1 and 2, respectively) generate proteins that aid in…

Q: . Null alleles (mutant genes) produce no protein product. This is a genetic change. However,…

A: Introduction Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviour and environment can influence how your…

Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.

A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…

Q: The TBX20 transcription factor is important for the developmentof heart tissue. Deletion of the…

A: T-box transcription factor Tbx20 gene in mice is essential for prenatal cardiomyocyte proliferation…

Q: Explain whether a cancercausing mutation in a tumorsuppressor gene, such as p53,is more likely to be…

A: Tumor suppressor gene regulates a cell during the cell division and replication. If cells grows…

Q: When the DNA of a human cell becomes damaged, the p53 geneis activated. What is the general function…

A: p53 gene: Tumor protein p53 gene also  p53 is a protein encoded by homologous genes in various…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.