Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
![**Title: Understanding Essential Genetic Structures**
**Question:**
A large molecule of DNA containing genes essential for the survival of an organism is called a/an ___________.
**Options:**
1. Plasmid
2. mRNA
3. Operon
4. Chromosome
**Explanation of Terms:**
- **Plasmid:** A small, circular piece of DNA commonly found in bacteria that is separate from chromosomal DNA. Plasmids can carry beneficial genes for the host organism but are not essential for survival.
- **mRNA (Messenger RNA):** A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. mRNA is not a DNA molecule.
- **Operon:** A unit of DNA consisting of multiple genes under the control of a single promoter. While operons organize gene expression in prokaryotes, they are not large DNA molecules.
- **Chromosome:** A long, continuous thread of DNA that contains numerous genes, regulatory elements, and other nucleotide sequences. In most organisms, chromosomes carry genetic information essential for survival.
**Correct Answer:** Chromosome
**Visual Explanation:**
There is no graph or diagram accompanying this question, simply a list of multiple-choice answers. Each choice is preceded by a small, empty circle allowing the user to select an answer. The options are listed vertically in a simple, clear format making it easy for students to understand and choose their response.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb437852b-9280-4ead-9205-527514340190%2Fd3429ccd-8caf-4590-a3ae-85392e8f670f%2Fzz6ksa8_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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