4.3 Explain the following terms: 4.3.1 Normal boiling point. 4.3.2 Cooling curve. 4.3.3 Congruent melting. 4.3.4 Ideal solution. 4.3.5 Phase diagram of a pure substance.
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- Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and benzene (C6H6) form ideal solutions. Consider an equimolar solution of CCl4 and C6H6 at 25C. The vapor above the solution is collected and condensed. Using the following data, determine the composition in mole fraction of the condensed vapor. Substance Gfo C6H6(l) 124.50 kJ/mol C6H6(g) 129.66 kJ/mol CCI4(l) 65.21 kJ/mol CCI4,(g) 60.59 kJ/molST4D.3 - The vapor pressure of a substance at various mole fractions in a mixture were found to be as follows. Estimate the Henry's law constant [in MPa] for the substance for the particular solvent of this mixture. USE ALGEBRA instead of a graphical approach. Don't forget there's one more data point that isn't listed in the table (the origin). 0.00230.01020.0182 99.7 48.8 |P/КРа 27.7 Type your answer...1. 2. Pressure (atm) Find the AT_b, and a AT_f, of the solvent in a solution containing 4.62 grams of glycerol, C3H8O3, in 211 grams of ethanol. Using the phase diagram below of the solvent: Use the information in question above to draw the phase diagram of the solution. 1.0 0.5- 0 100 200 Temperature (K) 300 400
- Acetonitrile and dodecane are partially miscible liquids under certain conditions. The phase is diagram for this system is shown below. temperature, K 390 370 350 330 310 290 270 0 0.1 liquid-liquid phase diagram acetonitrile - dodecane 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.6 mole fraction of acetonitrile, Xaceto 0.8 0.9 1 a. Choose one temperature and mixture combination in which these two liquids will be miscible. Place that point on the graph, label it, and then list here the temperature and the mole fraction value is for that point. b. A solution is made by mixing 0.40 moles of acetonitrile and 0.10 moles of dodecane. At room temperature, 293 K, when mixed, you observe two liquid layers. What are the compositions of those two layers and which layer is larger (i.e. has more volume)?e non-spo c. A solution is made by mixing 0.40 moles of acetonitrile and 0.10 moles of dodecane. This solution is warmed to 350 K. At this temperature, what are the compositions of the two layers and which layer is…Critical point 22,089 Water Ice (liquid) (solid) 101 ITriple I point 0.6 Water vapor (gas) A 0 0.01 100 374 Temperature (°C) Discuss the effect of the addition of sodium chloride (NaC1) salt on the freezing point and boiling point of liquid water and indicate this effect in the phase diagram sketched in picture above. (ii) Determine the freezing point and boiling point of the solution when 21.2 g of NaC1 are added into 135 mL of water. Given that the van't Hoff factor for NaC1 is 2; the molal freezing point depression constant, Kf and the molal boiling point elevation constant, Kb are 1.86 °C/m and 0.52 °C/m respectively. (iii) Pressure (kPa)This is the phase diagram of the liquid-liquid equilibrium of a butanol-water mixture at atmospheric pressure. liquid-liquid butanol-water 1/°C equilibrium 140 120 100 One phase 80 60 phases 40 20 10 20 30 40 s0 60 100 r(butano!) How are the moles of water and butanol divided into the different phases under the following conditions? a) Dovavek = 3, Duaten = 2, room temperature b) Doutavel = 1, Dwatar = 4, at 30Cº c) Doutavel = 0.5, Nyatw, = 4.5, at 100Cº %3!
- Substances A and B are two miscible liquids that behave as an ideal mixture. Use the following liquid- vapor phase diagram for a mixture of A and B to answer questions a c. The diagram is for atmospheric pressure = 760 torr. vapor 80- 60- liquid 60- 50- 40 50% B 1 KIX B composition (mol%) 1. What are the boiling points of the pure liquids A and B? Fill in the number only, NO units, NO decimal point. bpt. A = 0.1 °C bpt B = 0.9 °C %3D 37. What is the boiling point of a solution that is a mixture of 37.5 mol% A and 62.5 mol% B? bpt. mixture = °C -- 37. What is the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with a solution that is a mixture of 37.5 mol% A and 62.5 mol% B? temperature (*C) 3D10.The diagram below is an example of Liquid-Solid-Temperature Composition Phase Diagram of Completely Immiscible Solids. The left vertical line is B rich while the right vertical line is A-rich.Define the phases present in the region from A to E. |LS – TZ Phase Diagram: Completely Immiscible Solids This LS- TZ phase diagram is for completely immiscible solids. XA = 0 X = 1 XA = 1 X = 0 T =T?, At the solid phase, the system consists of 2 distinct solids A and B. T= T At the liquid phase, the system is called a melt. At the 2- phase regions, the system consists of either pure solid A or B and the melt. The composition of A in the melt can be traced along the liquidous curve. T T= Teu E At the solidous line, the system consists of solids A, B, and melt in which the composition of A, or y =1 Z, can be determined. Ya = 0 Zeut,a Za YA =1 Yn = 0 At the eutectic composition, minimum temperature is required to melt the mixture.10.13
- Using Gibb's Phase rule calculate the degrees of freedom of the following: Show complete solutions: 1. BEESWAX + GLYCERIN + METHYL PARABEN 2. IBUPROFEN + THYMOL 3. MINERAL OIL + ISOPROPYL ALCOHOLnolageiged thiot pnicee Data Activities 1 and 2 Data Table 1 20/11/11 Temperature (°C) Pure Lauric Acid Temperature (°C) Lauric Acid + 0.4 g Temperature (°C) Lauric Acid + 0.5 g Benzoic Acid Time (minutes) Benzoic Acid 65.0 0.0 60.0 65.0 0.5 57 59 58 55 1.0 57 52 1.5 50 48 47 2.0 49 46 47 2.5 48 45 46 3.0 42 44 45 3.5 41 43 42 4.0 43 4.5 40 41 5.0 나D 38 to 41 5.5 40 36 6.0 41 40 35 6.5 41 40 35 7.0 41 40 35 7.5 40 35 8.0 41 40 35 O 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Companyboth pls