Critical point 22,089 Water Ice (liquid) (solid) 101 Triple point 0.6 Water vapor (gas) A 0 0.01 100 374 Temperature (°C) Discuss the effect of the addition of sodium chloride (NaC1) salt on the freezing point and boiling point of liquid water and indicate this effect in the phase diagram sketched in picture above. (ii) Determine the freezing point and boiling point of the solution when 21.2 g of NaCl are added into 135 mL of water. Given that the van't Hoff factor for NaC1 is 2; the molal freezing point depression constant, Kf and the molal boiling point elevation constant, Kb are 1.86 °C/m and 0.52 °C/m respectively. (iii) Pressure (kPa)

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States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.