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- 9.) Describe the molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. Consider Inciuding the bases impacted, the relative prevalence, and the relative ease with which the mutation can be repaired for each.5b. When you mutagenize a diploid organism, chances are astronomically high that you will be creating a heterozygote on the spot. Why would your mutation be heterozygous and not homozygous?2. Discuss the use of transposons as mutagens in bacteria.
- 13. In your own words, identify one of the reasons why it is difficult to assemble a genome and explain why .1. Determine the approximate number of amino acids that would be missing in the telomerase protein of a person who has the autosomal form of dyskeratosis congenita in which a segment of the normal gene has been deleted. b. In some patients with autosomal dyskerptosis congenita , the disorder is caused by one or two nitrogen base substitutions that change the sequence of the DNA the telomerase gene. Describe what would happen to the etlomerase protein if a triplet of the telomerase gene that was normally ACC mutated to become ACT Explain your answer. c. i Identify a field of research, other than days keratosis congenita , that could use knowledge gained about telomerase and telomeres . Explain how this information might be used. c. ii Evaluate how this research could affect either an individual or society. Include one potential advantage and one potential disadvantage in your evaluation.6. The starting sequence of a gene changed from AUGTTCGACGTG, to AUGTTTTCGACGTG What type of mutation is this? To answer the question, please explain: I) what the mutation is? 2) what types of mutation do you know? 3) what are the possible outcomes of mutations? 14
- 6a. Given the following mutated sequence (with respect to the normal sequence), what TYPE of mutation occurred: AAGCTTAC6. Why do you think the Ames test is preferable to the use of animal models to screen chemical compounds for mutagenicity?1. How would you determine experimentally mutagenesis caused by stress? 2. What are the evolutionary advantages associated with stress-induced mutagenesis? 3. How do bacteria cope with mutagenesis? List and explain at least three way
- Briefly discuss the process of gene therapy, including some of its technical challenges.1. Methods of gene therapy 2. Explain Small RNAs and long non coding RNA. 3.what is name of the technique that would help a person who inherited LFS to have a child without the defective allele? 4 .Describe the main technique for amplifying a segment of DNA (like the one you suspect is involved in Lee’s cancer) from a complex mixture of genomic DNA. Remember that the entire human genome sequence is known. (Hint: This is a technique that is commonly used by laboratories that do genetic testing and various other applications of molecular biology.) 5. If Dr. Aikenhed wanted to see if there was mutation within the protein-coding sequence of the gene implicated in this disorder (as opposed to mutations afecting regulatory elements), what technique involving dideoxynucleotides could be used? Briefy describe this technique.3. Explain in your own words the methods used to collect your cheek cells and to extract the DNA. Be sure to clearly explain the significance of using InstaGene solution and water baths