4. Blood glucose level, glucose transporter proteins (classification, localisation and biological significance).
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- 5. Ways of cholesterol biotransformation, their tissue localization: 5.1. extracellular (LCAT) and intracellular (ACAT) cholesterol esterification, the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the biological significance of its esters; 5.2. biosynthesis of bile acids, formation of steroid hormones; vitamin D.1. Scheme of aerobic oxidation of glucose and energy balance.7. Explain the differences between Glycogenolysis in muscle and liver.
- 10. Describe the relationship between blood Ammonia concentration and liver function.7. Won Gierke's disease (Type I) is one of the most common glycogen storage diseases. This aisease results in a deficiency in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, essentially little to no available active enzyme. How does this disease effect blood glucose levels under fasting conditions?The control of which enzyme exerts the most control on glycolysis? hexokinase phosphofructokinase glucose-6-phosphatase aldolase
- 4. A sportsman is doing a 10 km marathon for 1.5 hours. What changes in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and muscles are triggered by long-term physical activity? To answer the question: a) name the hormone, controlling the lipid metabolism in adipocytes and write down the scheme of the process; b) explain, how some of the products of lipid mobilization, transported from adipocytes to the bloodstream, would be utilized by skeletal muscles and liver in these conditions; c) calculate the ATP yicld in the result of palmitolcic acid oxidation.II. An unconscious man with signs of alcohol poisoning was taken to the hospital. The laboratory data of blood tests are the following: a) alcohol – 320 mg / dl (the norm - 5 mg/dl); b) glucose – 50 mg/dL; c) lactate- 2 mmol /1 (the norm-I mmol/l). What are the causes of changes in blood glucosc and lactate concentration in acute alcohol poisoning? Draw the appropriate reaction and the diagram of the process with a reduced rate in this person.3. A patient has got excess carbohydrate meal for the years and gain the weight. To explain this: a) draw the schemes of TAG synthesis in the liver; b) describe the transport of TAG from the liver to adipose tissue; c) describe the functions of insulin in the conversion of glucose to TAG in the liver and adipose tissue. Glucose containing Catoms was added to isolated hepatocytes inanexperiment. Ifthe glucose was added in excess, the rate of triacylglyccrol synthesis increased.
- Please state if the statements are true or false.1. Arabinose is a pentose and an aldose2. Glucose-6-phosphate cannot leave cell because its size is too large to pass through the pores of the cell membraneTable 2: Glucose and Ketone Concentration in Blood Plasma Glucose (mmol/l) Ketones (umol/l) Sub. 1 Sub. 2 Sub. 3 Average Sub. 1 Sub. 2 Sub. 3 Average Fasting 5.3 5.2 5.2 108 100 110 Immediately post meal [0 hour] 6.4 6.3 6.4 104 112 115 1 hr post meal 6.3 6.3 6.4 0.0 73 63 50 2 hr post meal 5.5 5.5 5.6 73 51 49 3 hr post meal 4.8 4.8 4.8 64 72 49 Equations (f,) Use these formulas for making your calculations. Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Averages Add the values from the three subjects; divide by three. Your data will not be saved until the table is completely filled in. 文 。Fill in the volumes required to make the standard glucose solutions of various conentrations provided. provide calculations as well.
