Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Math
Statistics
3.2 Aerosolized Vaccine for Measles. An aerosolized vaccine for measles was 532). developed in Mexico and has been used on more than 4 million children since 1980. Aerosolized vaccines have the advantages of being able to be administered by people without clinical training and do not cause injection-associated infec- tions. Despite these advantages, data about efficacy of the aerosolized vaccines against measles compared to subcutaneously injection of the vaccine have been inconsistent. Because of this, a large randomized controlled study was conducted using children in India. The primary outcome was an immune response to measles measured 91 days after the treatments. Among the 785 children receiving the sub- cutaneous injection, 743 developed an immune response, while among the 775 children receiving the aerosolized vaccine, 662 developed an immune response. (a) Compute the proportion of subjects experiencing the primary outcome for both the aerosol and injection groups. (b) Can we safely use the large-sample confidence interval for comparing the proportion of children who developed an immune response to measles in the aerosol and injection groups? Explain. (c) Give a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the tion of children in the aerosol and injection groups who experienced the propor- primary outcome. (d) The study described is an example of a noninferiority clinical trial intended to show that the effect of a new treatment, the aerosolized vaccine, is not worse than the standard treatment by more than a specified margin. Spe cifically, is the percentage of children who developed an immune response for the aerosol treatment more than 5% below the percentage for the sub- 4 cutaneous injected vaccine? The five-percentage-point difference was based on previous studies and the fact that with a bigger difference the aerosol- ized vaccine would not provide the levels of protection necessary to achieve do vou feel the investigators

3.2 Aerosolized Vaccine for Measles. An aerosolized vaccine for measles was 532). developed in Mexico and has been used on more than 4 million children since 1980. Aerosolized vaccines have the advantages of being able to be administered by people without clinical training and do not cause injection-associated infec- tions. Despite these advantages, data about efficacy of the aerosolized vaccines against measles compared to subcutaneously injection of the vaccine have been inconsistent. Because of this, a large randomized controlled study was conducted using children in India. The primary outcome was an immune response to measles measured 91 days after the treatments. Among the 785 children receiving the sub- cutaneous injection, 743 developed an immune response, while among the 775 children receiving the aerosolized vaccine, 662 developed an immune response. (a) Compute the proportion of subjects experiencing the primary outcome for both the aerosol and injection groups. (b) Can we safely use the large-sample confidence interval for comparing the proportion of children who developed an immune response to measles in the aerosol and injection groups? Explain. (c) Give a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the tion of children in the aerosol and injection groups who experienced the propor- primary outcome. (d) The study described is an example of a noninferiority clinical trial intended to show that the effect of a new treatment, the aerosolized vaccine, is not worse than the standard treatment by more than a specified margin. Spe cifically, is the percentage of children who developed an immune response for the aerosol treatment more than 5% below the percentage for the sub- 4 cutaneous injected vaccine? The five-percentage-point difference was based on previous studies and the fact that with a bigger difference the aerosol- ized vaccine would not provide the levels of protection necessary to achieve do vou feel the investigators

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Topic Video
Question
### Aerosolized Vaccine for Measles An aerosolized vaccine for measles was developed in Mexico and has been used in over 4 million children since 1980. These vaccines can be administered by people without clinical training and do not cause injection-associated infections. However, the effectiveness compared to injectable vaccines has been inconsistent. #### Study Overview A large randomized controlled study was conducted with children in India. The primary outcome was the immune response to measles measured 91 days after treatment. Among the 785 children receiving subcutaneous injections, 743 developed an immune response. In contrast, 662 out of 775 children receiving the aerosolized vaccine showed an immune response. #### Questions for Analysis **(a)** Calculate the proportion of subjects who experienced the primary outcome for both the aerosol and injection groups. **(b)** Assess if the large-sample confidence interval can be safely used for comparing the proportion of children with immune responses in both groups. Provide rationale. **(c)** Determine a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions of children in the two groups who experienced the primary outcome. **(d)** This study is an example of a noninferiority clinical trial, aiming to show that the aerosolized vaccine is not substantially worse than the standard injectable vaccine. Specifically, the immune response from the aerosol should not be more than 5% below that from the subcutaneous vaccine. The 5% margin is based on previous studies and herd immunity requirements. Using your answer from part (c), discuss if the aerosolized vaccine meets the noninferiority criteria. Provide an explanation.
Transcribed Image Text:### Aerosolized Vaccine for Measles An aerosolized vaccine for measles was developed in Mexico and has been used in over 4 million children since 1980. These vaccines can be administered by people without clinical training and do not cause injection-associated infections. However, the effectiveness compared to injectable vaccines has been inconsistent. #### Study Overview A large randomized controlled study was conducted with children in India. The primary outcome was the immune response to measles measured 91 days after treatment. Among the 785 children receiving subcutaneous injections, 743 developed an immune response. In contrast, 662 out of 775 children receiving the aerosolized vaccine showed an immune response. #### Questions for Analysis **(a)** Calculate the proportion of subjects who experienced the primary outcome for both the aerosol and injection groups. **(b)** Assess if the large-sample confidence interval can be safely used for comparing the proportion of children with immune responses in both groups. Provide rationale. **(c)** Determine a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions of children in the two groups who experienced the primary outcome. **(d)** This study is an example of a noninferiority clinical trial, aiming to show that the aerosolized vaccine is not substantially worse than the standard injectable vaccine. Specifically, the immune response from the aerosol should not be more than 5% below that from the subcutaneous vaccine. The 5% margin is based on previous studies and herd immunity requirements. Using your answer from part (c), discuss if the aerosolized vaccine meets the noninferiority criteria. Provide an explanation.
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 4 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals for Means
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:
9781119256830
Author:
Amos Gilat
Publisher:
John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…
Statistics
ISBN:
9781305251809
Author:
Jay L. Devore
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…
Statistics
ISBN:
9781305504912
Author:
Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E…
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E…
Statistics
ISBN:
9780134683416
Author:
Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:
PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:
9781319042578
Author:
David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:
W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:
9781319013387
Author:
David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:
W. H. Freeman
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS