**Educational Resource on HPV and Gardasil Vaccine Efficacy****Introduction:**Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to specific strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). Merck has developed a vaccine known as Gardasil to counteract these HPV strains. Clinical trials were conducted globally, following young women for two to four years after receiving either the vaccine or a placebo. The trials aimed to detect any signs of cervical cancer caused by HPV.**Study Overview:**- Sample of 100 women in the Gardasil group: 24% developed cervical cancer.- Sample of 100 women in the placebo group: 34% developed cervical cancer.**Research Hypothesis Testing:**We aim to evaluate the claim that the proportion of women developing cervical cancer in the Gardasil group is less than in the placebo group, with a significance level (\(\alpha\)) of 0.10. The hypothesis testing will be conducted with results rounded to three decimal places and interim calculations to four decimal places.**Defined Hypotheses:**- Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\)): \(p_1 = p_2\) - \(p_1\) is the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardasil group. - \(p_2\) is the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group.- Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_a\)): \(p_1 < p_2\)**Test Description:**This is a left-tailed test.**Test Statistic:**The calculated test statistic is \(-1.558\).**Next Steps:**Using the test statistic, the p-value must be determined to assess the significance of the results.This educational page provides an overview of the importance and methodology behind evaluating the efficacy of the Gardasil vaccine in preventing HPV-related cervical cancer.

From the provided information, n1=100p^1=0.24n2=100p^2=0.34 Level of significance (α) = 0.10

Answered: Most cases of cervical cancer are…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The trial enrolled 30,420 volunteers who were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either vaccine or placebo (15,210 participants in each group). More than 96% of participants received both injections, and 2.2% had evidence (serologic, virologic, or both) of SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline. Symptomatic Covid-19 illness was confirmed in 185 participants in the placebo group (56.5 per 1000 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 48.7 to 65.3) and in 11 participants in the mRNA-1273 group (3.3 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0); vaccine efficacy was 94.1% (95% CI, 89.3 to 96.8%; P<0.001). Efficacy was similar across key secondary analyses, including assessment 14 days after the first dose, analyses that included participants who had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline, and analyses in participants 65 years of age or older. Severe Covid-19 occurred in 30 participants, with one fatality; all 30 were in the placebo group. Moderate, transient reactogenicity…
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In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, children were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 123 of 460 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 24 of 106 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a different proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a = 0.01 level of significance? Determine the null and alternative hypotheses. Choose the correct answer below. A. Ho: P1 =0 versus Ho: P, #0 B. Ho: P =P2 versus H,: P, P2 The test statistic zo is (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

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