12. Complete the MO diagram for the following two molecules, fill in the identity of allatomic orbitals, molecular orbitals (bonding and antibonding), and all electrons.C atomCmolecule C atomO atom O₂ molecule O+ atom6

Answered: 12. Complete the MO diagram for the…

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter3: Atomic Shells And Classical Models Of Chemical Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 60P

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Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na,2+ (b) Mg,2 (c) AI,2 (d) Si,2 (e) p2+ (f) s,2 (g) F,2 (h) Ar,2 40. Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na22+ (b) Mg22+ (c) Al22+ (d) Si22+ (e) P22+ (f) S22+ (g) F22+ (h) Ar22+
7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?
For each of the following molecules or molecular ions, give the steric number, sketch and name the approximate molecular geometry, and describe the direction of any distortions from the approximate geometry due to lone pairs. In each case, the central atom is listed first and the other atoms are all bonded directly to it. (a) TeH2 (b) AsF3 (c) PCl4+ (d) XeF5+
Which molecule below has a nonpolar bond in which the electrons are being shared equally? a.H2O b.NH3 c.Cl2 d.CH4
7.57 What observation about molecules compels us to consider the hybridization of atomic orbitals?
Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion. (a) BBr3 (b) CO2 (c) CH2Cl2 (d) CO32
Lets look more closely at the process of hybridization. (a) What is the relationship between the number of hybrid orbitals produced and the number of atomic orbitals used to create them? (b) Do hybrid atomic orbitals form between different p orbitals without involving 5 orbitals? (c) What is the relationship between the energy of hybrid atomic orbitals and the atomic orbitals from which they are formed?
In Chapter 6, we study a group of organic cations called carbocations. Following is the structure of one such carbocation, the tert-butyl cation. (a) How many electrons are in the valence shell of the carbon bearing the positive charge? (b) Using VSEPR, predict the bond angles about this carbon. (c) Given the bond angle you predicted in (b), what hybridization do you predict for this carbon?
Ethylene oxide is an intermediate in the manufacture or ethylene glycol (antifreeze) and polyester polymers. More than 4 million tons are produced annually in the United States. The molecule has a three-member ring of two C atoms and an O atom. (a) What are the bond angles in the ring? Comment on the relation between the bond angles expected based on hybridization an d the bond angles expected for a three-member ring. (b) Is the molecule polar? Based on the electrostatic poten1ial map shown below. where do the neg-alive and positive charges lie in the molecule? Polarity: It is a well separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or chemical compounds having an electrical dipole moment. Generally the polar molecules must contain polar bonds due to a different in electronegative between the bonded atoms. The electrostatic potential map clearly to explain, the oxygen atom has more negative () charge and other side has less positive () charge, so this molecule is a more polar nature.
Use the Molecule Shape simulator (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16MolecShape) to explore real molecules. On the Real Molecules tab, select model mode and S2O. What is the model bond angle? Explain whether the real bond angle should be larger or smaller than the ideal model angle.
VSEPR Theory: The 3-dimensional arrangement of atoms around any central atom is determined primarily by the repulsions between electrons in the valence shell of the atom. General Formula Lewis Atoms Bonded Unbonded Electron Pairs (Lone Pairs, E) Hybridization and Electron Example Molecular Shape Structure to Central Atom (X) Arrangement Name Diagram sp Linear H-Be -H AX2 X-A-X BeHz Linear AX3 sp? BH3 AX2E sp? SO2 sp3 CH4 AX4 sp3 NH3 AX3E 2.
• Consider the molecule shown below and answers the following questions. : Number of ơ bonds formed by overlap of sp² and sp3 orbitals Number of r bonds formed by overlap of sp and sp orbitals Number of o bonds formed by overlap of sp² and sp orbitals СНО Number of o bonds formed by overlap of s and sp³ orbitals Number of o bonds formed by overlap of sp3 and sp3 orbitals Number of a bonds formed by overlap of sp² and sp2 orbitals Number of o bonds formed by overlap of sp² and sp2 orbitals NEC- NH Total number of ơ bonds : Total number of a bonds 1: Total number of non-bonding electrons in this molecule

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12. Complete the MO diagram for the following two molecules, fill in the identity of all atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals (bonding and antibonding), and all electrons. C atom Cmolecule C atom O atom O₂ molecule O+ atom 6