**10.6.5** The *New England Journal of Medicine* reported an experiment to judge the efficacy of surgery on men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The study randomly assigned half of 695 (347) men to undergo surgery, and 18 of them eventually died of prostate cancer. This contrasts with 31 of the 348 men who did not undergo surgery. The question posed is whether there is any evidence to suggest that surgery lowered the proportion of those who died of prostate cancer.

Answered: 10.6.5 The New England Journal of…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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17.19 Acute otitis media. A double-blind randomized trial compared cefaclor to amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. There was no difference in clinical failure rates (all but four children in each group had a good clinical response), but after 14 days, 59 (55.7%) of 106 cefaclor-treated subjects had effusion-free ears compared to 40 of the 97 amoxicillin-treated subjects. Determine whether the effusion-free rates differed significantly in the groups. It is optional to show the hypothesis-testing steps.
Twenty middle-aged men with glucose readings between 90 milligrams per deciliter and 120 milligrams per deciliter of blood were selected randomly from the population of similar male patients at a large local hospital. Ten of the 20 men were assigned randomly to group A and received a placebo. The other 10 men were assigned to group B and received a new glucose drug. After two months, posttreatment glucose readings were taken for all 20 men and were compared with pretreatment readings. The reduction in glucose level (Pretreatment reading − Posttreatment reading) for each man in the study is shown here. Group A (placebo) reduction (in milligrams per deciliter): 12, 8, 17, 7, 20, 2, 5, 9, 12, 6 Group B (glucose drug) reduction (in milligrams per deciliter): 29, 31, 13, 19, 21, 5, 24, 12, 8, 21 Part A: Do the data provide convincing evidence, at the α = 0.02 level, that the glucose drug is effective in producing a reduction in mean glucose level? Part B: Create and interpret a 98%…
A small pilot study is run to compare a new drug for chronic pain to one that is currently available. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either the new drug or the currently available drug and to report improvement in pain on a 5-point ordinal scare: 1= pain is much worse,2=pain is slightly worse,3=no change,4=pain improved slightly,5= pain much improved.Is there a significance difference in self reported improvement in pain? Use the Mann-Whitney U test with a 5% level of significance. New Drug: 4 5 3 3 4 2 Standard Drug: 2 3 4 1 2 3
8.8
The U.S. Energy Information Administration claimed that U.S. residential customers used an average of 10,95110,951 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity this year. A local power company believes that residents in their area use more electricity on average than EIA's reported average. To test their claim, the company chooses a random sample of 184184 of their customers and calculates that these customers used an average of 11,162kWh11,162⁢kWh of electricity last year. Assuming that the population standard deviation is 1263kWh1263⁢kWh, is there sufficient evidence to support the power company's claim at the 0.050.05 level of significance? Step 2 of 3 : Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places.
carefully watched over a number of feedings. If it used its right paw more than half the time to activate the tube, it was defined to be “right-pawed." Observations of this sort showed that 67% of mice belonging to strain A/J are right-pawed. A similar protocol was followed on a sam- ple of thirty-five mice belonging to strain A/HeJ. Of those thirty-five, a total of eighteen were eventually classified as right-pawed. Test whether the proportion of right-pawed mice found in the A/HeJ sample was significantly differ- ent from what was known about the A/J strain. Use a two- sided alternative and let 0.05 be the probability associated with the critical region.
Researchers studying the link between prenatal vitamin use and autism surveyed the mothers of a random sample of children aged 24 - 60 months with autism and surveyed another separate random sample for children with typical development. Table summarizing the number of mothers in each group who did and did not use prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy (data from Schmidt, 2011) Autism Typical Development Total No vitamin 111 70 181 Vitamin 143 159 302 Total 254 229 483 Complete the hypothesis test for independence between the two variables, use of prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy and autism in Rguroo. What is the value of the test statistic for this test? (Use the Large Sample Z method and please round to two decimal places)
A clinical trial is run to assess the effects of different forms of regular exercise on HDL levels in persons between the ages of 19 and 29. Participants in the study are randomly assigned to one of three exercise groups—weight training, aerobic exercise, or stretching/yoga—and instructed to follow the program for 8 weeks. Their HDL levels are measured after 9 weeks and are summarized below. Exercise Group N Mean Std Dev Weight Training 20 49.7 10.2 Aerobic Exercise 20 43.1 11.1 Stretching/Yoga 20 57.0 12.5 Complete the following ANOVA table. Source of Error Sums of Squares df Mean Squares F Between Within 6157.32 Total 1.Write the hypotheses to be tested. 2. Write the decision rule. Please find the F for the closest df 3. What is the conclusion?
9.15 HPV infections in women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Certain types of HPV can cause genital warts in both men and women and cervical cancer in women. The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) contacted a representative sample of 1921 women between the ages of 14 and 59 years and asked them to provide a self-collected vaginal swab specimen. Of these specimens, 515 tested positive for HPV, indicating a current HPV infection. a. Give the probability, risk, and odds that a randomly selected American woman between the ages of 14 and 59 years has a current HPV infection. b. The survey broke down the data by age group: Age group (years) 14–19 20-24 25–29 30–39 40-49 50–59 Percent HPV positive 24.5 44.8 27.4 27.5 25.2 19.6 Give the risk and the odds of being HPV positive for women in each age group. Which age group has the highest risk, and has the highest odds, of testing positive for HPV?
A researcher conducts a between-subjects study to determine whether low levels of the neurochemical serotonin leads to an increase in aggression. One sample of rats serves as a control group and receives a placebo that does not affect normal levels of serotonin. A second sample of rats receives a drug that lowers brain levels of serotonin. Using an alpha level of a = .05, the researcher then tests the animals by recording the number of aggressive responses each of the rats display. The data are as follows: a.) Step 1: State the Hypotheses Ho: H₁: Control n = 10 M = 14 SS=180.5 b.) Step 2: Determine the critical region and draw it on the distribution above: df = > *critical SM₁-M₂ Low Serotonin n = 15 M = 19 SS = 130.0 c.) Step 3: Calculate the test statistic using the provided sample data: tobs d.) Step 4: Make a decision. Circle one: Reject Null (Ho) or Fail to Reject Null (Ho) e.) State your conclusions about the research scenario in sentence form: d= f.) What is the estimated effect…
A study in a journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (as reported in the Miami Herald, Jan. 14, 1997) seems to suggest that preschoolers who drink more than 12 ounces of fruit juice a day tend to be heavier and shorter than preschoolers who do not. The study involved a random sample of 168 healthy youngsters of whom 59 drank on average more than 12 ounces of fruit juice per day. Each child was weighed and measured. The measurements were then converted to percentage of normal height and weight for a child of that age and gender. For example, a weight percentage of 1.1 indicates that the child is 10% heavier than average. A recorded 0.80 indicates the child is 20% below the average. An average weight is recorded as 1.0. Same with height. Column 1: Juice 1- indicates child DID drink > 12 oz 2- child DID NOT drink > 12 oz Column 2: Weight% weight converted to percent of…
Dr. Maddan's eye drops are supposed to cause significant reduction is eye redness. The following table shows the results of a recent study where a random sample of individuals took part in a placebo controlled study. No Reduction in Redness Reduction in Redness Total Eye Drops 120 220 340 No Eye Drops Total 120 140 260 240 360 600 With 5% level of significance, determine if eye redness reduction is dependent upon taking the eye drops. Provide, a. the Chi-square statistic. b. the critical value or the p-value. c. Your decision on whether or not to reject Ho.

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