7.4. Relieving pain with opioids. The Journal of the American Medical Association (March 6, 2018) published a study that compared opioid and non-opioid medications for the control of pain. A sample of 240 patients, all of whom were experiencing chronic back, hip, or knee pain, participated in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was prescribed opioids for pain management, while the other group was prescribed a non-opioid pain management therapy (e.g., acetaminophen, an over-the-counter drug). After 12 months of treatment, the level of pain of each patient was determined using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scale, where scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). One objective was to compare the mean pain levels of the two groups after 12 months of treatment. a. Is this an observational study or a designed experiment? Explain. b. Propose a regression model that will allow the researchers to compare the mean

7.4. Relieving pain with opioids. The Journal of the American Medical Association (March 6, 2018) published a study that compared opioid and non-opioid medications for the control of pain. A sample of 240 patients, all of whom were experiencing chronic back, hip, or knee pain, participated in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was prescribed opioids for pain management, while the other group was prescribed a non-opioid pain management therapy (e.g., acetaminophen, an over-the-counter drug). After 12 months of treatment, the level of pain of each patient was determined using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scale, where scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). One objective was to compare the mean pain levels of the two groups after 12 months of treatment. a. Is this an observational study or a designed experiment? Explain. b. Propose a regression model that will allow the researchers to compare the mean

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

The authors of a research article were interested in the effect on female viewers of watching movies in which female heroines were portrayed in roles that focus on their sex appeal. They carried out an experiment in which female college students were assigned at random to one of two experimental groups. The 24 women in one group watched 13 minutes of scenes from a certain superhero film series and then responded to a questionnaire designed to measure body esteem. Lower scores on this measure correspond to lower body satisfaction. The 29 women in the other group (the control group) did not watch any video prior to responding to the questionnaire measuring body esteem. For the women who watched the video, the mean body esteem score was 4.44 and the standard deviation was 1.02. For the women in the control group, the mean body esteem score was 5.07 and the standard deviation was 0.96. For purposes of this exercise, you may assume that the distribution of body esteem scores for each of the…
How would you find (a.) and (b.)?? As well as finding the test statistic and p-value?
Cell Phones and Crashes: Analyzing Newspaper Report In an article from the Associated Press, it was reported that researchers “randomly selected 100 New York motorists who had been in an accident and 100 who had not been in an accident. Of those in accidents, 13.7 percent owned a cellular phone, while just 10.6 percent of the accident-free drivers had a phone in the car.” What is wrong with these results?
The director of student services at Oxnard College is interested in whether women are just as likely to attend orientation as men before they begin their coursework. A random sample of freshmen at Oxnard College were asked what their gender is and whether they attended orientation. The results of the survey are shown below: Data for Gender vs. Orientation Attendance Women Men Yes 440 410 No 238 239 What can be conduded at the a - 0.10 level of significance? For this study, we should use z-test for a population proportion a. The null and alternative hypotheses would be: Ho: Select an answer v Select an answer v Select an answer v (please enter a decimal and note that p1 and ul represent the proportion and mean women and and u2 represent proportion and mean for men.) H: Select an answer v Select an answer v Select an answer v (Please enter a decimal) b. The test statistic ? v (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.) c. The p-value = (Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.) d.…
A group of 600 patients who suffer from seasonal allergies is asked to participate in a study to determine the effectiveness of a new medication. The patients are divided randomly into two groups, one was given the actual medication and one received a placebo pill. After 2 months of treatment, 64% of the patients who took the medication had fewer allergy symptoms, while only 36% of those who took the placebo had fewer allergy symptoms. a. What is the treatment variable? b. What is the response (or outcome) variable? c. Was this an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain how you know. d. Assuming the rest of the study was well-designed, use your answers to discuss whether it would be reasonable to conclude that taking the new medication caused fewer allergy symptoms.
Public relation companies conducted two surveys about deodorants. The first survey asked a random sample of 500 men about their use of a natural deodorant. A second survey asked the same questions to a random sample of 550 women. In these two studies, 68% of men and 44% of women stated they were dissatisfied with the effectiveness of natural deodorants. Use these results to answer the following questions about the proportion of men and women's satisfaction with natural deodorants. (Round to the nearest whole person as needed). Is there a statistically significant difference between men and women's satisfaction with natural deodorants? A Yes, the proportion of men that are satisfied with natural deodorants is significantly less than the proportion of women that are satisfied with natural deodorants because both the lower limit and the upper limit of the confidence interval are positive values. B Yes, the proportion of men that are satisfied with natural…
A study prospectively examined whether sleep-disordered breathing was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause in a cohort of 600 adults participating in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Study participants were classified into four groups depending on the extent of their sleep-disordered breathing (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The counts of deaths over the course of the study are reported for each group in the following two-way table. Mild Severe 100 Death No Death Total None 40 100 140 40 100 140 Moderate 20 100 120 Total 200 400 600 100 200 We want to know whether the study findings give evidence of a significant difference of the number of deaths between the different groups. Set up the alternative hypothesis (H, : The distribution of the categorical variable is not as given by the null hypothesis (lack of fit) At least ones of the means is different from the others O The two categorical variables are dependent The distribution of the categorical variable is not…
A study prospectively examined whether sleep-disordered breathing was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause in a cohort of 600 adults participating in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Study participants were classified into four groups depending on the extent of their sleep-disordered breathing (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The counts of deaths over the course of the study are reported for each group in the following two-way table. Death No Death Total None 40 100 140 Mild 40 100 140 Moderate 20 100 120 Severe 100 100 200 Total 200 400 600 We want to know whether the study findings give evidence of a significant difference of the number of deaths between the different groups. The observed test statistic is 3.610 42.857 5.476 8.075
(OPHTHALMOLOGY) The following data are from a study on Botox injections. Patients received a high-dose injection in one eye (experimental treatment = treatment E) and a low-dose injection in the other eye (control treatment = treatment C). Patients were asked to rate the level of pain in each eye on a 1–10 scale, with higher scores indicating more pain. The assignment of treatments to eyes was randomized. The subjects came back over several visits. Data from the last visit are given in the following table: 1. Which of the following is the correct test to conduct given the situation above? 2. The hypotheses are: 3. What is the level of significance? 4. What is the computed test statistic? Hint: Use (mean of "Pain in E eye") minus (mean of "Pain in C eye") 5. What is the correct decision based on the p-value or critical value method?
Which research design studies only people who are initially free of the disease of interest? Explain how this study design is different from the rest of the research designs a. Case control b. Cohort c. Cross sectional d. Experimental
Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low Moderate High Moderate Moderately Severe Severe 1.6 2.9 3.8 3.4 0.9 1.3 3 2.8 1.8 3.1 3.3 3.2 2.7 3.7 2.4 4.9 3.8 2.9 3.7 3.2 4.9 1.7 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of a = 0.01. O There is sufficient evidence that there exists a significant difference between treatments. O…
A team of epidemiologists at the Mayo Clinic wanted to find whether there is an association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). They conducted a prospective cohort study following obese and non-obese individuals who were free of CVD at the beginning of study for five years. The investigators were also interested in assessing age as a potential confounder, effect modifier, or both. Use the data below to answer the accompanying questions. CVD No CVD Total Obese 10 90 100 Not Obese 35 465 500 Total 45 555 600 CVD No CVD Total Obese 36 164 200 Not Obese 25 175 200 Total 61 339 400 1. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were less than age 50. 2. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were older or equal to age 50. 3. Compute the crude measure of association? 4. List three attributes that age must satisfy before it could…