7.4. Relieving pain with opioids. The Journal of the American Medical Association (March 6, 2018) published a study that compared opioid and non-opioid medications for the control of pain. A sample of 240 patients, all of whom were experiencing chronic back, hip, or knee pain, participated in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was prescribed opioids for pain management, while the other group was prescribed a non-opioid pain management therapy (e.g., acetaminophen, an over-the-counter drug). After 12 months of treatment, the level of pain of each patient was determined using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scale, where scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). One objective was to compare the mean pain levels of the two groups after 12 months of treatment. a. Is this an observational study or a designed experiment? Explain. b. Propose a regression model that will allow the researchers to compare the mean
7.4. Relieving pain with opioids. The Journal of the American Medical Association (March 6, 2018) published a study that compared opioid and non-opioid medications for the control of pain. A sample of 240 patients, all of whom were experiencing chronic back, hip, or knee pain, participated in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was prescribed opioids for pain management, while the other group was prescribed a non-opioid pain management therapy (e.g., acetaminophen, an over-the-counter drug). After 12 months of treatment, the level of pain of each patient was determined using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scale, where scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). One objective was to compare the mean pain levels of the two groups after 12 months of treatment. a. Is this an observational study or a designed experiment? Explain. b. Propose a regression model that will allow the researchers to compare the mean
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![7.4. Relieving pain with opioids. The Journal of the American Medical
Association (March 6, 2018) published a study that compared opioid and non-opioid
medications for the control of pain. A sample of 240 patients, all of whom were
experiencing chronic back, hip, or knee pain, participated in the study. The patients were
randomly divided into two groups. One group was prescribed opioids for pain
management, while the other group was prescribed a non-opioid pain management
therapy (e.g., acetaminophen, an over-the-counter drug). After 12 months of treatment,
the level of pain of each patient was determined using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
scale, where scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). One objective was to
compare the mean pain levels of the two groups after 12 months of treatment.
a. Is this an observational study or a designed experiment? Explain.
b. Propose a regression model that will allow the researchers to compare the mean
pain levels of the two groups of patients.
c. The researchers reported the following sample mean BPI values: Opioid group
(4.0), Nonopioid group (3.5). Use this information to estimate the parameters of
the model, part b.
d. The result, part c, was found to be statistically significant (using a = .05). As a
consequence, the researchers concluded that "treatment with opioids was not
superior to treatment with non-opioid medications for improving pain." Explain](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb97d881f-8f42-4425-a126-fc0246d518f3%2F52d92608-da33-45f1-83cd-4d25634331fd%2Faec7zl5_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:7.4. Relieving pain with opioids. The Journal of the American Medical
Association (March 6, 2018) published a study that compared opioid and non-opioid
medications for the control of pain. A sample of 240 patients, all of whom were
experiencing chronic back, hip, or knee pain, participated in the study. The patients were
randomly divided into two groups. One group was prescribed opioids for pain
management, while the other group was prescribed a non-opioid pain management
therapy (e.g., acetaminophen, an over-the-counter drug). After 12 months of treatment,
the level of pain of each patient was determined using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)
scale, where scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). One objective was to
compare the mean pain levels of the two groups after 12 months of treatment.
a. Is this an observational study or a designed experiment? Explain.
b. Propose a regression model that will allow the researchers to compare the mean
pain levels of the two groups of patients.
c. The researchers reported the following sample mean BPI values: Opioid group
(4.0), Nonopioid group (3.5). Use this information to estimate the parameters of
the model, part b.
d. The result, part c, was found to be statistically significant (using a = .05). As a
consequence, the researchers concluded that "treatment with opioids was not
superior to treatment with non-opioid medications for improving pain." Explain
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