A study prospectively examined whether sleep-disordered breathing was associated with an increasedrisk of death from any cause in a cohort of 600 adults participating in the Sleep Heart Health Study.Study participants were classified into four groups depending on the extent of their sleep-disorderedbreathing (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The counts of deaths over the course of the study arereported for each group in the following two-way table.MildSevere100DeathNo DeathTotalNone4010014040100140Moderate20100120Total200400600100200We want to know whether the study findings give evidence of a significant difference of the number ofdeaths between the different groups.Set up the alternative hypothesis (H, :The distribution of the categorical variable is not as given by the null hypothesis (lack of fit)At least ones of the means is different from the othersO The two categorical variables are dependentThe distribution of the categorical variable is not the same across populations or treatmentsp # Po

The test is to check whether there is a significant difference of the number of deaths between the different groups.The alternative hypothesis is the two categorical variables are dependent.

Answered: A study prospectively examined whether…

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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Using the same anti-venom study, answer the following questions. A study was done on children (6 months to 18 years of age) who had (nonlethal) scorpion stings. Researchers wanted to know the effectiveness of a new anti-venonm. Each child was randomly assigned to receive a shot of the anti-venom or a placebo shot. Researchers recorded whether or not their condition improved over the next four hours. a. Identify the population for the study. b. Identify the sample for the study. (HINT: See #1) c. Was this an observational study or a controlled experiment? Explain how you know. d. Assuming the rest of the study was well-designed, use your answers to discuss whether it would be reasonable to conclude that the new anti-venom is effective at treating nonlethal scorpion stings in children. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). TTTTParagraph Arial 3 (12pt) 三,三,T. 回i:公 E=E= = T T, U HTML CSS O Mashups
In a case-control study the association was examined between smoking and risk of Parkinson's disease. The table below provides the results. Find the following; Odds ratio Attributable Risk Risk Ratio Risk Difference Cancer No cancer Smokers 60 33 Non smokers 40 65
Which research design is described below? We prospectively examined the association between dietary fibre intake and incidence of colorectal cancer in 519 978 individuals aged 25-70 years taking part in the EPIC study, recruited from ten European countries. Participants completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-98 and were followed up for cancer incidence. Case study Experimental study Cohort study Case-control study
An epidemiologist found five cases of “big toe cancer” in the Yukon Territory. Because there were only a few cases, the epidemiologist decided to conduct a matched case-control study to determine whether shoe size larger than 9 is a risk factor for big toe cancer. Cases were individually matched to one control for daily activity, history of athlete’s foot, and history of ingrown toenails. The following data were gathered: Shoe size > 9 Pair Case Control 1 Yes No 2 No No 3 No Yes 4 Yes Yes 5 No Yes Compute the proper measure of association. Interpret your results. If you were to investigate a rare cancer in Lynchburg, where might you look for data? What would be necessary legally and ethically to be able to utilize this data set(s)? Submit your thread by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Thursday of Module/Week 3, and submit your replies by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of the same module/week. 1
The mean birthweight of an infant is thought to be associated with the smoking status of the mother during the first trimester of the pregnancy. Consider the following data from mothers divided into four categories according to smoking habits, and the corresponding birthweights of their children. Group 1: Mother is a non smoker (NON): 7.5, 6.2, 6.9, 7.4, 9.2, 8.3, 7.6 Group 2: Mother is an ex-smoker (EX): 5.8, 7.3, 8.2, 7.1, 7.8 Group 3: Mother is a current smoker, smokes less than 1 pack per day (CUR < 1) 5.9, 6.2, 5.8, 4.7, 8.3, 7.2, 6.2 Group 4: Mother is a current smoker, smokes more than or equal to 1 pack per day (Cur ≥ 1) 6.2, 6.8, 5.7, 4.9, 6.2, 7.1, 5.8, 5.4 Using Stata test whether or not the mean birthweights are equal across all four groups at the alpha = 0.05 level. What is the corresponding p-value? O 0.0284 0.0137 O 0.05 O 0.737
The Interpersonal Reactivity Index is a survey designed to assess four different types of empathy. One type of empathy, called, Empathetic Concern, measures the tendency to feel sympathy and compassion for people who are less fortunate. The index ranges from 0 (less empathetic) to 28 (more empathetic). The following data, representing random samples of 16 males and 16 females, are consistent with results reported in psychological studies. Boxplots show that it is reasonable to assume that the populations are approximately normal. 13 8 22 20 20 12 15 18 Males 16 13 26 21 23 25 15 23 17 22 Females 20 26 25 28 24 16 19 23 21 23 15 26 19 25 Can you conclude at the 0.05 significance level that there is a difference in mean empathy scores between men and women?
A scientist is studying the effect of a new type of exercise program on cardiovascular health. The scientist randomly assigns individuals to either the exercise program or a control group. The scientist wants to determine if the exercise program has a statistically significant effect on cardiovascular health. The scientist monitors cardiovascular health by measuring the blood pressure of each individual.
A survey of employees at a large financial organisation was conducted to determine the overall sentiment towards various aspects of how the company operates. 30 randomly selected departments in the organisation participated in the study. Every employee in these 30 randomly selected departments filled in a questionnaire, and the data were aggregated to calculate the following two variables of interest: Rating The percentage of favourable responses (in each department) to the overall running of the company. ComplaintsThe percentage of favourable responses (in each department) to how the company handles employee complaints Source: Chatterjee, S. and Price, B. (1977) Regression Analysis by Example. New York: Wiley. (Section 3.7, p.68ff of 2nd ed. (1991).) A simple linear regression was conducted. A scatter plot of Rating versus Complaints is shown in Figure 1 and the results of the regression analysis are shown in Table 1. Rating 80 70 60 50 40 40 Model 1 Figure 1: Rating versus…
Security scans are often completed on computers in a particular college to assess the security risk from viruses etc. A sample of 120 computers which are considered at risk for viruses and other security issues are checked with a particular security scanner on a Monday and then monitored over the following week. The number of computers which broke down over the following week were recorded. The results are as follows: Security Scan (% Risk) Breakdown No Breakdown Low Risk (0 - 10%) 3 61 Slight/Moderate Risk (10 – 30%) 13 28 High Risk (>30%) 12 3 (i) Based on the above sample work out the probability that a computer in the college will breakdown. Input your answer correct to 4 decimal places here: (ii) Based on the above sample work out the probability that a computer has a low risk level OR doesn't breakdown. Input your answer correct to 4 decimal places here: (iii) Based on the above sample work out the probability that a computer has a high risk AND has a breakdown. Input your answer…
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is an ongoing health survey system that tracks health conditions and risk behaviors in the United States. In one of their studies, a random sample of 8,866 adults answered the question "Do you consume five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day?" The data are summarized by response and by age-group in the frequency table below. Age-Group (years) Yes No 18-34 231 35-54 669 55 or older Total 1,291 2,191 741 2,242 3,692 6,675 Total 972 2,911 4,983 8,866 Do the data provide convincing statistical evidence that there is an association between age-group and whether or not a person consumes five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day for adults in the United States? The value of the test statistic is 83.663. Use a 0.05 level of significance to test the hypothesis. The critical value is 5.991. What is the expected number of 19-34-year-olds who say that they consume five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day? Among…
The Interpersonal Reactivity Index is a survey designed to assess four different types of empathy. One type of empathy, called Empathetic Concern, measures the tendency to feel sympathy and compassion for people who are less fortunate. The index ranges from 0 (less empathetic) to 28 (more empathetic). The following data, representing random samples of 8 males and 8 females, are consistent with results reported in psychological studies. Boxplots show that it is reasonable to assume that the populations are approximately normal and have equal variances. Males 13 20 14 16 13 26 21 23 Females 22 20 26 25 28 24 16 19 Can you conclude that there is a difference in mean empathy score between men and women? Use a=0.03. (1) Critical Values (Round off to 3 decimal places): (2) Test Statistic (Round off to 2 decimal places): (3) Conclusion: (Type 'Reject HO' or 'Fail to Reject HO')
The following is data about the hemoglobin concentrations of volunteers collected at sea level and at an altitude of 11000 feet. sea level concentrations = [14.70 , 15.22, 15.28, 16.58, 15.10 , 15.66, 15.91, 14.41, 14.73, 15.09, 15.62, 14.92]11000 feet concentrations = [14.81, 15.68, 15.57, 16.59, 15.21, 15.69, 16.16, 14.68, 15.09, 15.30 , 16.15, 14.76] There are two alternative scenarios about the way the data were obtained. In scenario 1, there are 12 volunteers who lived for a month at sea level, at which time blood was drawn and the data in "sea level concentrations" dataset were obtained. Subsequently, all 12 volunteers were moved to 11000 ft and after a month the data in the "11000 feet concentrations" dataset obtained. There is a one to one correspondence between the numbers in the two datasets, that is the first numbers correspond to volunteer1, the second numbers to volunteer2 etc. In scenario 2, the "sea level concentrations" dataset is a random sample obtained from 12…

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