**Ophthalmology Study: Effect of Botox Injection on Eye Pain**The following data are from a study on Botox injections. Patients received a high-dose injection in one eye (experimental treatment = treatment E) and a low-dose injection in the other eye (control treatment = treatment C). Patients were asked to rate the level of pain in each eye on a 1–10 scale, with higher scores indicating more pain. The assignment of treatments to eyes was randomized. The subjects came back over several visits. Data from the last visit are given in the table below.| Subject | Pain in E eye | Pain in C eye ||---------|--------------|--------------|| 1 | 1.3 | 8.7 || 2 | 7.3 | 1.4 || 3 | 0.0 | 0.9 || 4 | 0.0 | 9.6 || 5 | 3.0 | 7.9 || 6 | 0.0 | 9.1 || 7 | 3.5 | 5.1 || 8 | 0.0 | 2.2 || 9 | 0.0 | 2.6 || 10 | 2.0 | 7.9 || 11 | 0.0 | 4.4 || 12 | 3.0 | 4.6 || 13 | 5.0 | 9.1 || 14 | 0.3 | 7.4 || 15 | 0.0 | 0.4 || 16 | 4.3 | 0.7 |**Explanation**: The table lists the pain scores for two eyes per subject, where "Pain in E eye" refers to the eye that received the high-dose injection and "Pain in C eye" refers to the eye with the low-dose injection. The scores represent the level of pain experienced, with a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain), recorded at the last visit for each subject.**Instructions**: The lower part of **Section of an Educational Website: Comparing Pain Scores in Clinical Trials****Statistical Hypothesis Testing: A Practical Example**In clinical trials, comparing the effectiveness of treatments often involves statistical hypothesis testing. This section explores how to analyze differences in pain scores between two treatments labeled "E" and "C" by examining hypothesis testing methodology and providing step-by-step guidance.### Hypothesis Testing Outcomes1. **Reject \( H_0 \):** Sufficient evidence exists to conclude that, on average, the pain scores in the E-treated eye are different from those in the C-treated eye.2. **Fail to Reject \( H_0 \):** Insufficient evidence exists to conclude a significant difference in average pain scores between the E and C eyes.### Percentage Comparison MethodAn alternative comparison involves examining the percentage of subjects reporting less pain in the E-treated eye versus the C-treated eye. ### Choosing the Right Statistical Test(C) **Selecting the Statistical Test**- **One-sample binomial test—exact method**: This test is most appropriate when comparing the percentage of subjects with less pain in the E eye against a constant proportion expected under the null hypothesis.### Performing the Test(D) **Executing the Statistical Test**For a two-tailed test with \(\alpha = 0.05\), you will:1. **State Hypotheses:** - Null Hypothesis \( H_0: p = 0.5 \) - Alternative Hypothesis \( H_1: p \neq 0.5 \)2. **Finding the Test Statistic:** - If no test statistic is defined, mark as "DNE" (Does Not Exist).3. **Using Technology to Calculate the p-value:** - Follow specific software or calculators to determine the exact p-value, rounded to four decimal places.4. **Stating the Conclusion:** - **Fail to reject \( H_0 \):** Insufficient evidence to assert a difference in pain reduction between the E eye and expected outcomes if treatments were comparable. - **Reject \( H_0 \):** Indicating the proportion of pain reduction in the E eye differs from expectations under treatment equivalence.**Notes:**- The responses and methods outlined above are accurate, but difficulties arise in obtaining the correct p-value. Please refer to technology guides or statistical software documentation for precise calculation procedures.This session covers essential insights into hypothesis testing and sets the

To conduct a test to compare the percentages of individuals who have less pain in the E eye vs. the…

Answered: The following data are from a study on…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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A researcher conducts a study examining the effectiveness of a group exercise program at an assisted living facility for elderly adults. One group of residents is selected to participate in the program, and a second group serves as a control. After 12 weeks, the researcher records a combined score measuring balance and strength for each individual. The data are as follows: Control n = 20 M = 24 SS = 241Exercise n = 30 M = 31 SS = 380 a. Use a two-tailed test with a = 0.1. Conduct the four steps for hypothesis testing and label each step: Step1, Step 2, Step 3, and Step 4.
A researcher hypothesizes that the regions in the US feel differently about Hip Hop Music. To test this claim, she took a random sample of 15 people (n = 15, N = 75) from each of 5 US regions (G = 5), and she asked each person in that sample to rate (from 1 to 16) how much they liked Hop Hop. The following ANOVA table has some of her results. Please help her answer her research questions by completing the following ANOVA table below and answering the follow-up questions. Be sure to label your answers with the appropriate letter. Source Sums of Squares DF Mean Square F Effect (between) a) b) e) g) Error (within) 100.71 c) f) - Total 156.25 d) - - h) Based on the observed F-statistic (α = 0.05) and a critical F = 2.47, should she retain or reject the null hypothesis? i) In everyday language, what can she conclude about the research question? j) Suppose that the average love of Hip Hop in the West was 11.56 and the average love in the…
The following data summarizes the results from a between subjects one-way ANOVA study comparing three treatment condition groups. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 T=6 SS=30 T = 30 T = 36 N = 18 n = 6 SS = 35 n = 6 SS = 40 n = 6 G = 72 EX²=477 Use a = .05 to determine if there are significant differences between these three groups.
What is the distinguishing feature of a case-control study such as this? An epidemiologist performed a case-control study examining whether tobacco use was associated with oral cancer. The investigator recruited a random sample of 75 adults with oral cancer and 72 adults without oral cancer. Participants were interviewed and asked about their history of tobacco use. O Exposure status was assessed, and then the participants were followed up over time to see who developed the outcome. O The exposure and outcome were measured at the same time, so temporality cannot be established. O Participants were selected based on disease status, and then exposure status was assessed from the past. O The investigator randomized participants into exposure groups and then followed them to see who developed the outcome.
A study compared tooth health and periodontal damage in a group of 40 young adult males with a tongue piercing and a control group of 50 young adult males without tongue piercing. Here are the summary statistics: Group Sample size Mean of enamel cracks StDev of enamel cracks Tongue piercing 40 4.1 3.7 No Tongue piercing 50 1.3 1.6 One question of interest was whether individuals with tongue piercing had more enamel cracks, on average. Is there evidence at 1% level that young adult males with a tongue piercing have significantly more enamel cracks than young adult males without a tongue piercing? Which method will you use to perform the test? Choose the correct one. 1-sample T test 2-sample T test 2-sample Z test. 2-proportion Z test Which distribution will you use here? If you use t distribution, give the degree of freedom. If you use z or normal, give the mean and standard deviation.
Question #2 A diet guide claims that you will get 120 calories in a serving of vanilla yogurt. Consumer Reports tested 14 brands of vanilla yogurt and found the following numbers of calories per serving: 160 200 220 230 120 180 140 130 170 190 80 120 100 170 Test the claim that the mean number of calories per serving of vanilla yogurt is 120. Use a significance level of 0.05. Show all the steps of your hypothesis test including The claim being tested: The null and alternative hypothesis: The test statistic
In a study to determine if using low-intensity laser therapy reduces pain for orthodontic patients who are fitted with new braces, patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (who did not receive laser treatment) or an experimental group who did receive laser treatment.† The researchers found that the mean pain rating was lower for those in the laser treatment group than for those in the control group both two days and six days after receiving braces. The researchers used these data to determine if there was evidence to support the claim that the mean pain rating is lower for patients who receive the laser treatment. Answer the four key questions. Q, Question Type: Estimation or hypothesis testing? estimationhypothesis testing S, Study Type: Sample data or experiment data? sample dataexperiment data T, Type of Data: One variable or two? Categorical or numerical? one categorical variableone numerical variable two categorical variablestwo numerical variables…
To examine the effect of relaxing music on math test performance, a researcher wants to compare the average math test scores of participants who completed the test with relaxing music to performance of participants who completed the same math test without music. The partially computed data collected in the study are shown below: Math Test with Music: Math Test without Music: n1 = 16 n2 = 12 M1 = 82 M2 = 78 SS1 = 150 SS2 = 140 Based on these results, is there a significant effect of relaxing music on math test performance? Use a t-test for independent samples with p < .01, 2-tails to answer this research question. Follow the steps of hypothesis testing and insert your answers below. In your calculations, round all numbers to two decimal places to avoid rounding errors. ANSWER H0: H1: Computed pooled variance sp2: Estimated standard SM1 - M2: Computed t: Critical t-value for…
For which of the following would it be most appropriate to use an ANOVA to analyze the data? A researcher is interested in determining the most effective format for advertising. He randomly assigns 60 people to one of three groups: (1) television commercial, (2) radio commercial, or (3) magazine advertisement. Group members review the commercial and then report whether or not they would buy the product. In order to determine the effectiveness of different diet plans, 90 people are randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) low calorie diet, (2) low-fat diet, or (3) low-carb diet. At the end of 60 days, the number of pounds lost was recorded for each of the participants. Both A and B. Neither A nor B.
A hypertension trial is mounted, and 12 participants are randomly assigned to receive either a new medication or a placebo. Each participant takes the assigned medication, and the participants’ SBP is recorded after 6 months on the assigned medication. The data are shown in Table 7–9. Is there a difference in mean SBP between treatments? Run the appropriate test at a = 0.05. Placebo New Medication 134 114 143 117 148 121 142 124 150 122 160 128
Ost watched Ani... Question 2 Y Part 1 of 4 A doctor in Cleveland wants to know whether the average life span for heart disease patients at four hospitals in the city differ. The data below represents the life span, in years, of heart disease patients from each hospital. Perform an ANOVA test with a 9% level of significance to test whether the average life span of heart disease patients in Cleveland differs depending on the hospital that treats them Life Span of Patients Treated at Hospital 1: 7.4, 7.8, 7.7, 7.5, 8, 8.2, 7.8, 8.6, 8, 7.8, 8.3, 8.3, 8, 7.6, 8.2, 7.9, 7.3, 8, 8.6, 7.3, 8.3, 8, 7.8, 8, 7.8, 8.1, 8.1, 8, 7.6, 7.6, 7.7, 7.4, 7.7, 7.8, 7.8 Life Span of Patients Treated at Hospital 2: 7.9, 7.9, 8.2, 8, 8.1, 8.5, 8.3, 8.4, 8, 8.2, 7.7, 8, 8, 7.8, 7.9, 8.1, 8.1, 7.8, 7.9, 8, 8.5, 8.3, 8.2, 8.3, 7.8, 7.9 Life Span of Patients Treated at Hospital 3: 8.2, 8.1, 7.4, 8.7, 8.6, 8.2, 7.9, 8.1, 8.1, 8.3, 8.3, 8, 7.6, 8, 7.4, 8.6, 8.2, 8.2, 7.9, 7.7, 8.1, 7.9, 8, 8.3 Life Span of…
An investigation is performed to evaluate two new experimental treatments for allergies. 18 subjects who suffer from allergies are enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: Control Group, Experimental Treatment 1, or Experimental Treatment 2. Each subject is instructed to take the assigned treatment, and symptoms of allergies are recorded on a scale of 1 to 20, with higher scores indicating worse symptoms. The data is summarized in the table below: SBP Std. Deviation Group Mean Control Treatment 6. 16.17 2.483 Experimental Treatment 1 6. 11.33 1.966 Experimental Treatment 6. 3.83 1.472 Total 18 10.44 5.554 Use this data to complete an ANOVA table to test for a significant difference in the means of each of the groups. Round all answers to the third decimal point.

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