1. A goal of synthetic biology is to genetically encode enzymes that have novel properties and enable them to carry out new chemical reactions. One way to encode new functional properties is to extend the genetic code beyond the naturally encoded 20 amino acids. To this end, a biotech company has engineered a bacterial species to encode an additional amino acid called "synthine", with a side chain with properties that are still a trade secret. In order for synthine to be incorporated into central metabolism, researchers at the company also used directed evolution to generate an enzyme known as synthine aminotransferase. (a) What reaction does synthine aminotransferase catalyze? What are the precursors and products? Why is it described as a “ping-pong" reaction? (b) The active site of synthine aminotransferase is shown in the protein structure image. What is the name of the prosthetic group? In the image on the left, the prosthetic group is covalently linked to the en- zyme. What is the nature of the bond, and in which step of the reaction is the prosthetic group covalently linked to the protein? In the image on the right, what step in the reaction is depicted and what else needs to happen to complete this part of the reaction?
1. A goal of synthetic biology is to genetically encode enzymes that have novel properties and enable them to carry out new chemical reactions. One way to encode new functional properties is to extend the genetic code beyond the naturally encoded 20 amino acids. To this end, a biotech company has engineered a bacterial species to encode an additional amino acid called "synthine", with a side chain with properties that are still a trade secret. In order for synthine to be incorporated into central metabolism, researchers at the company also used directed evolution to generate an enzyme known as synthine aminotransferase. (a) What reaction does synthine aminotransferase catalyze? What are the precursors and products? Why is it described as a “ping-pong" reaction? (b) The active site of synthine aminotransferase is shown in the protein structure image. What is the name of the prosthetic group? In the image on the left, the prosthetic group is covalently linked to the en- zyme. What is the nature of the bond, and in which step of the reaction is the prosthetic group covalently linked to the protein? In the image on the right, what step in the reaction is depicted and what else needs to happen to complete this part of the reaction?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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A goal of synthetic biology is to genetically encode enzymes that have novel properties and
enable them to carry out new chemical reactions. One way to encode new functional properties is to
extend the genetic code beyond the naturally encoded 20 amino acids. To this end, a biotech company
has engineered a bacterial species to encode an additional amino acid called "synthine", with a side
chain with properties that are still a trade secret. In order for synthine to be incorporated into central
metabolism, researchers at the company also used directed evolution to generate an enzyme known
as synthine aminotransferase.
(a) What reaction does synthine aminotransferase
catalyze? What are the precursors and products? Why
is it described as a "ping-pong" reaction?
(b) The active site of synthine aminotransferase is
shown in the protein structure image. What is the
name of the prosthetic group? In the image on the left,
the prosthetic group is covalently linked to the en-
zyme. What is the nature of the bond, and in which
step of the reaction is the prosthetic group covalently
linked to the protein? In the image on the right, what
step in the reaction is depicted and what else needs
to happen to complete this part of the reaction?
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