Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
The following table indicates the rates at which a substrate reacts as catalyzed by an enzyme that follows the Michaelis-Menten mechanism: (1) in the absence of inhibitor; (2) and (3) in the presence of 10 mM concentration, respectively, of either of two inhibitors. Assume [E]T is the same for all reactions.
(a) Determine KM and Vmax for the enzyme. For each inhibitor determine the type of inhibition and KI and/or K’I. What additional information would be required to calculate the turnover number of the enzyme? (b) For [S] = 5 mM, what fraction of the enzyme molecules have a bound substrate in the absence of inhibitor, in the presence of 10 mM inhibitor of type (2), and in the presence of 10 mM inhibitor of type (3)?
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