annotated-Group Midterm Project- Biostat.docx

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EPBI2219 Midterm Review Article Analysis Group Member Names: Tamera Williams, Jillian McFarland, Mariama Gomis, Yena Kim, Dylan Ray Mood Date: 02/26/2023 Patterns of Use of Smokeless Tobacco in US Adults, 2013-2014 Cheng et al. 2017 1. What is the purpose of the study? (in your own words!) (4 points) - Tamera The purpose of the study is to look at patterns of smokeless tobacco use and the different types of tobacco in the United States from 2012-2014. 2. What is the study population (i.e. sample)? (3 points) - Tamera The study population is 32,320 adults above the age of 18. 3. About what population is the study intending to make inferences? (3 points) - This study is looking at tobacco users in the U.S. to determine the popularity of smokeless tobacco use, identify patterns among smokeless tobacco users such as using multiple types of tobacco, and determine which forms of smokeless tobacco are most popular. The study also examined which demographics were most likely to use smokeless tobacco. 4. Thinking about how people were recruited and data were collected in this study... a. What is the study design? (HINT: What data is being used in the study?) (2 points) - The design of this study is a cross-sectional survey using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. b. How do you know this? (2 points) We understand that the design of this study is cross-sectional because the researchers used a questionnaire to gather data about the prevalence of a specific variable (smokeless tobacco use) during a given time period. c. Identify at least 2 strengths and 2 weaknesses of this study design. (4 points) Two strengths of a cross-sectional study design are that it is cost-effective and easy to implement. Two disadvantages of this type of study design are that it offers no temporal information and that the results could become biased due to people who chose not to respond to the survey. 5. For the variables listed in Table 1, use the table below to describe: (30 points) a. Whether the variable is an independent or dependent variable (1 point each) b. The type of variable (select from dichotomous, categorical/nominal, ordinal, or continuous) (2 points each) c. The response options or range of values (2 points each)

EPBI2219 Midterm Review Article Analysis Table 1 Variables Variable Dependent or Independent? Type of Variable (dichotomous, categorical/nominal, ordinal, continuous) Response options/values (for categorical scaled variables) or Range (for continuous scaled variables) SLT Use Dependent Categorical- Dichotomous 1,720 overall Age Independent Continuous 18-24, 25-34,35-49, ≥50 Sex Independent Categorical- Nominal Male and Female Race/Ethnicity Independent Categorical- Nominal Non Hispanic White, Other racial/ethnic groups Education Independent Categorical- Ordinal <high school or some high school, no diploma; GED; High school graduate- diploma; some college or associates degree; completed college or beyond Urbanicity Independent Categorical- Nominal Urban, Nonurban 6. For selected variables from Tables 2-4 in the study, use the table below to describe: (9 points) - a. Whether the variable is dependent or independent (1 point each) b. Type of variable (select from dichotomous, categorical/nominal, ordinal, or continuous) (2 points each) Variables from Tables 2-4 Table Variable Dependent or Independent Variable? Type of variable (dichotomous, categorical/nominal, ordinal, continuous) Table 2 Age of first SLT use Independent Categorical- Ordinal Table 3 Number of pouches per day Independent Continuous Table 4 Cigarette Smoking Dependent Categorical- Dichotomous

EPBI2219 Midterm Review Article Analysis 7. What was one main finding of the study? (in your own words!) Why do you think this study is important for public health? (5 points) One main finding of the study is that over eighty percent of current cigarette smokers who also use SLT some days, say that they smoke cigarettes everyday. This finding and this study is important for public health because it highlights the value and necessity for regulation and control of these products which can negatively impact a person's health. It can be said that, many cigarette smokers are using SLT products inplace of a cigarette when its not available. This is bad and continues the addiction of tabaco rather than using SLT products to beat the addiction. 8. List the contributions of each group member to the assignment. (Examples, “All group members met and completed the assignment together,” “Jane Doe did questions 1 and 2 and John Doe did questions 3 and 4 and all group members reviewed the final assignment together,” etc.). All group members are expected to contribute to the assignment. Jillian- Questions 5 & 6 Dylan- Questions 3 & 4 Tamera- Questions 1, 2, & 7 Dylan, Jillian, and Tamera reviewed the final assignment.

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