CJ 315 Project 2

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 CRIME AND VICTIMIZATIO N REPORT Human Trafficking For: Pete Costa Police Commissioner By: Shawna Soard Crime Analyst December 10, 2023

Human Trafficking Data The Department of Justice defines human trafficking as “a crime involving the exploitation of a person for labor, services, or commercial sex” (The United States Department of Justice, 2023). It is one of the fastest growing crimes with consequences seen around the world. It is a present-day slavery that affects people of all genders, races, ages, and socioeconomic backgrounds worldwide. Since there is not a set target these predators will seek out anyone that catches their eye and find a way to get them. Since human trafficking is adjustable the pandemic did not slow it down even though the common ways of recruitment were closed. However, they adapted during the shutdown of the pandemic and learned to use social media along with their prior methods and there was a reported increase in recruitment than the prior year of 2020 (Polaris, 2022). The U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline reported that there were 16,554 total likely victims identified. Labor: 3,785 Sex: 10,571 Labor & Sex: 707 Sex + Sex & Labor: 11,278 Other/not specified: 1,515 The Trafficking Hotline has also given the following data on the types of trafficking, who the recruiters are, and the top locations used. Top Five Types of Trafficking: Escort Services: 10% Pornography: 8% Illicit Massage, Health & Beauty: 6% Residential Based Commercial Sex: 5% Personal Sexual Servitude: 2% Top Three Recruiter Types: Family Member/Caregiver: 33% Intimate Partner: 28% Employer: 22% Crime Analyst for Mason Texas 2

Top Three Recruitment Locations: Internet- Dating Site: 13% Street: 11% Internet- Facebook: 10% Form of Trafficking Labor Sex Sex & Labor Sex + Sex&Labor Other Total Unique Victims Female 844 8,397 454 8,851 1,016 10,690 Gender Minorities 9 107 4 111 17 137 Male 1,814 699 103 802 134 2,747 Unknown 1,118 1,368 146 1,514 348 2,980 Total Victims 3,785 10,571 707 11,278 1,515 16,554 As you can tell by the above statistics the biggest recruiters are someone that the victim knows and is close to. According to the Human Trafficking myths debunked many survivors were trafficked by romantic partners which includes spouses and by family members which includes parents (Polaris, 2022). The article also states that “most traffickers use psychological means such as tricking, defrauding, manipulating or threatening victims into providing commercial sex or exploitative labor” as is shown by the above statistics (Polaris, 2022). Human Trafficking also is not just something that happens to females it is not based on gender and shows that anyone can become a victim. How the Data was Collected Polaris is a database that is put together and made available for law enforcement personnel, researchers, and other people that are interested in furthering their knowledge and understanding about human trafficking (Polaris, 2022). They receive text messages, web chats, emails, and phone calls to collect the data from victims who are looking for help to get away from their abusers. Polaris then compiles this information to better understand the behaviors of these predators to identify the trends to best find the pattern to help take apart the human trafficking organizations (Polaris, 2022). Crime Analyst for Mason Texas 3

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Risk Factors for Becoming a Victim Recent Migration/Relocation 2,685 Mental or Physical Health Concern 485 Substance Use Concern 463 Unstable Housing 422 Runaway/Homeless Youth 398 Experienced Abuse/Violence 298 Child Welfare Involvement & Foster Care 261 Caretaker Concerns 244 Gender/Romantic/Sexual Minority 207 Intellectual or Developmental Disability 157 Criminal Record/History 146 Unaccompanied Refugee/Minor 133 Prior Involvement in Sexualized Industry 120 Economic Hardship 64 Gang Involvement 50 Recent Financial Debt 31 Juvenile Justice System Involvement 25 Recent Loss of Economic Provider 21 Witnessed Abuse/Violence 9 Welfare System Involvement 5 Illiterate or Semiliterate 3 Total Number of Known Victims with Known Risk Factors 4,947 The above are the most recent findings of risk factors compiled by the Human Trafficking Hotline for 2021 (Polaris, 2022). I believe the reason for the recent migration/relocation being so high is at the top of the list due to them using dating sites or talking with coworkers, or even talking to people in stores or on the street trying to find out about activities in the area and in many instances their disappearances are not immediately noticed. Mental or physical health concerns due to them not being on their medication or undiagnosed can lead to them being number two on the list. Substance users are vulnerable since they would do almost anything for their next fix or they could possibly even owe their dealer money and the dealer sells them to a trafficker and most of the time their friends and family members have become accustomed to them disappearing for days while they are using. Human trafficking recruiters will look for these types of vulnerabilities to use to entice victims in so they can sell them into sex or labor slavery. Crime Analyst for Mason Texas 4

How Victimization Data is Applied to Address the Problem in the Criminal Justice System Since being able to find victims of human trafficking can be tough without them coming forward it adds to the complication of the issue. Since this type of criminal activity is challenging for local law enforcement to find and capture these individuals especially since many times it becomes issues dealing with jurisdiction. Quite frequently these victims are trafficked across state or international boarders the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) collects human trafficking data as a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting UCR) Program in 2013 (The United States Department of Justice, 2023). Since local law enforcement agencies also use the UCR Program there is able to be an accurate reporting of the criminals who have been caught. In 2021 the FBI UCR Program transitioned from a summary-based system of offense counts to an incident- base system (The United States Department of Justice, 2023). This makes it easier to see where the highest number of incidents are reported so they know best where to focus their attention. The Federal Justice System also compiles a statistical list on defendants and their charges with human traffickers being defined in three categories of federal statutes. The first is peonage, slavery, forced labor, and sex trafficking. The second is sexual exploitation and other abuse of children. With the last being Transportation for illegal sexual activity and related crimes (The United States Department of Justice, 2023). The National Corrections Reporting Program collects the data for these offenders and reports their custody status, admissions, releases, and parole entries and discharges (The United States Department of Justice, 2023). National Institute of Justice Regrettably there is not a set program in place for human trafficking victims who have managed to escape their unfortunate circumstances in the National Institute of justice website. However, trough the National Human Trafficking Website there are a few different counseling services in the United States. One that I found beneficial to our area here in Mason is in Kileen which is the Common Thread Program. This program offers services for victims and survivors of human trafficking. They have case management, crisis services, emergency shelter, health care and transportation services (BCFS Health and Human Services, 2023). They also provide training to interested Crime Analyst for Mason Texas 5

community members to identify human trafficking victims as well as outreach programs to those that are at the highest risk of becoming a victim (BCFS Health and Human Services, 2023). They will send an advocate to meet with the victim wen the referral comes in as well as in person support to help with the interview, appointment, finding services, and helping them take control of their lives and the path they want to take (BCFS Health and Human Services, 2023). The most important part of their service is they offer help long-term, with non-judgmental support throughout the recovery process (BCFS Health and Human Services, 2023). The reason for the importance of non- judgmental support is because some of the victims may not be ready or able to get away from their situation right away. Crime Analyst for Mason Texas 6

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References: BCFS Health and Human Services. (2023, December 7). Support for victims of sex trafficking. Common Thread. https://commonthread.net/ Polaris. (2018, November 7). Myths, facts, and statistics. Polaris; Polaris. https://polarisproject.org/myths-facts-and-statistics/ Polaris. (2022, November 15). Polaris Analysis of 2021 Data from the National Human Trafficking Hotline. Polaris. https://polarisproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Polaris-Analysis-of-2021- Data-from-the-National-Human-Trafficking-Hotline.pdf The United States Department of Justice. (2023, October 1). Human Trafficking. Justice.gov. https://www.justice.gov/humantrafficking Crime Analyst for Mason Texas 7

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