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Oct 30, 2023

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1 Discussion 5 Student’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Instructor’s Name: Course Code: Due Date:
2 QN 1 The retina, a crucial component of the visual system, plays a vital role in color perception. It is a layer of tissue located at the back of the eye that contains specialized photoreceptor cells called cones. Cones are responsible for color vision and function best under conditions of bright light. There are three main kinds of cones, and each one is sensitive to a different range of light wavelengths, including red, green, and blue. Trichromatic color vision theory describes how the brain translates the impulses from these three different kinds of cones to perceive the entire spectrum of colors. The opponent-processing theory, proposed by Ewald Hering, offers an explanation of color perception at the neural level beyond the retina. According to this theory, color information is processed in three opponent pairs: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. The colors in each pair are antagonistic, and one color's perception inhibits the other's. While the opponent-processing theory has provided valuable insights, it has faced criticisms ( Pearson et.al, 2017) . It does not fully explain how the brain processes the opponent signals to create our complex color perception. Additionally, it does not account for all types of color deficiencies, and some research suggests color processing is more intricate than just opponent pairs. Nevertheless, the opponent-processing theory has been a valuable framework for understanding color perception, particularly in the initial stages of visual processing. QN 2. In the occipital lobe, the main visual cortex (V1), also known as the striate cortex, is an important component of the visual processing system. It gets input from the retina as well as visual data from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. The striate cortex's main duties include the integration of visual data, feature detection, visual mapping, orientation selectivity, and complicated cell responses. Firstly, the striate cortex is responsible for detecting
3 basic visual features, such as edges, orientations, and spatial frequencies. Neurons in this region are selectively responsive to specific patterns of light and dark ( Pearson et.al, 2017) . It also exhibits retinotopic mapping, organizing different areas of the retina in an orderly manner across the cortex, enabling coherent representation of the visual world. Furthermore, neurons in the striate cortex exhibit orientation selectivity, i.e., they only react to particular orientations of visual stimuli. The striate cortex combines data from many regions of the visual field to create a cohesive representation of the visual scene. Last but not least, some neurons in this area react to more intricate visual properties like motion direction or combinations of particular orientations. The striate cortex serves as a fundamental building block in the visual processing pathway, extracting basic visual features and contributing to higher-level visual analysis for a comprehensive perception of the visual world.
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4 References Goldstein, E. B., & Cacciamani, L. (2021). Sensation and Perception (11th ed.). Cengage Pearson, N., Griffiths, P., Biddle, S. J., Johnston, J. P., & Haycraft, E. (2017). Individual, behavioural and home environmental factors associated with eating behaviours in young adolescents. Appetite , 112 , 35-43.
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