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Research Literature Review Swk 5015 unit 3 Sushanne Gillette Capella

Introduction : The case study I am doing my research literature review on is about eight-week parenting classes for teen parents in an urban environment. The Services are open to both teen mothers and teen fathers, and their children can be any age. The referrals from local schools, hospitals, social service agencies, and the Department of Children and Family Services. In this case study interventions of the program include a weekly parenting class, dealing with topics such as child development, effective communication with children, stress management, and compassionate behaviour management strategies. In this paper we will be looking at articles that look at the nature of the problem of teen moms and also look at how we can help them

understand better the developmental of a child. If we are able to Increase the knowledge of child development for teen parents . We would be able to help them provide effective care and support for their children. Nature of the problem Prevalence of teen parenting The prevalence of teen parenting, specifically teen pregnancy rates, can vary significantly depending on factors such as geographic location, socioeconomic status, cultural norms, access to education and healthcare, and the availability of comprehensive sex education and contraception. The rate of teen parenting is “ there were 34.2% 1,000 live births to teenage mothers age 15–19”( Watson, 2017) . In an article called “ Prevalence and characteristics of teen motherhood in Canada “ had said that “teen mothers were more likely to have low socio-economic status, be non- immigrants, have no partner, reside in the Western Prairies, have previously experienced physical or sexual abuse and have preferred to have had their pregnancies later into their adulthood”( Al-Sahab 2012) . When talking about teen parenting they are some many consequences of teen parenting the list can go on but I will be talking about three. The first one we will talk about is Educational challenges that it may cause them. Many may want to go back to school but they might deal with “ stigma and segregation, often complicate the already daunting task of graduating while parenting”( Watson, 2017) . Another reason why education is such is because they lack the “ Motivation is a critical component of increasing academic achievement, conceptual understanding, school satisfaction, self-esteem, social adjustment, and school completion”(Watson, 2017.

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Causes of the problem : Teen parents are a result of a variety of factors, which may vary depending on individual circumstances and culture.One thing that is lacking to help teens is the lack of comprehensive sex education. An article said that “ Sex education should be comprehensive( Marshall, 2020) . They also said while learning sex education “ both parents and students desired a comprehensive curriculum including contraception, STI and pregnancy prevention, and relationships”( Marshall, 2020) . Many do not understand healthy friendships and healthy dating relationships. Another reason for the problem of teen parents is that they are a Limited and sometimes lack access to contraception. They are always looking for more information. In an article it said that “ Limited availability and availability to condoms and contraception are factors related to the high rates of unplanned pregnancies”. When one doesnt have access to what they need they will end up with pregnant teens. Some of the risks associated with teen parenting are “ physical, mental, and psychosocial development during adolescence, various factors and circumstances can affect an adolescent's attitude, behaviour, and life” . ( Chung 2018). Teen parents have to fight a lot of “emotions and psychological challenges adolescents experience” ( Crooks 2022) . Over the years, there have been shifts in how teen parenting is perceived and addressed by society. In the past, teen pregnancy was often stigmatized, and support systems for teen parents were limited. Teen parents did not get much support inside they got “ Feelings of fear, anger, guilt and

shame were associated with the disappointment of no longer meeting religious, socio-cultural or parental expectations”( Crooks 2022) . When partens where treating there child like this it was causing “ distress” and “ suicidal ideation and attempts “( Crooks 2022) . Another thing to keep in mind is teen pregnancy is also at “ risk of depression, poor social supports, school failure, conflicted relationships, and inadequate family and community support”( Cox 2019). Interventions Interventions that can be used to help serve teen parents they need “opportunity for transformation, self-development, and personal growth”(Ricks 2016). When teen have a way to grow and get better and be better parents. We need to see more support groups or peer mentoring programs where teen parents can connect with others who are going through similar experiences. These groups provide a safe space for sharing challenges, exchanging tips, and offering emotional support. Another type of intervention that has been found helpful for teen prengrency is if you put “life skill” and “mental care” together. Pairing these together it would help “ care for teens and their children has positive effects on maternal self-esteem and repeat pregnancy over 36 months”( Cox 2019). The last thing I believe would help with being an intervention for teen parents is if they had some type of Parent-Child Interaction Programs that would help them. This type of program would” promote positive parent-child interactions and bonding through activities such as playgroups, parenting workshops, and parent-child classes. These programs provide opportunities for quality time together and enhance the parent-child relationship”( ACF) .

Reference Al-Sahab, B., Heifetz, M., Tamim, H., Bohr, Y., & Connolly, J. (2012). Prevalence and characteristics of teen motherhood in Canada. Maternal and child health journal , 16 , 228-234. Cox, J. E., Harris, S. K., Conroy, K., Engelhart, T., Vyavaharkar, A., Federico, A., & Woods, E. R. (2019). A parenting and life skills intervention for teen mothers: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics , 143 (3). Chung, H. W., Kim, E. M., & Lee, J. E. (2018). Comprehensive understanding of risk and protective factors related to adolescent pregnancy in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Journal of adolescence , 69 , 180-188. Crooks, R., Bedwell, C., & Lavender, T. (2022). Adolescent experiences of pregnancy in low-and middle-income countries: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth , 22 (1), 702. Exploring changes in the supply of listed home-based child care ... - ACF. (n.d.). https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/opre/OPRE_changes_home_based_supply_oct 2023.pdf Kershner, S.H., Corwin, S.J., Prince, M.S., Robillard, A.G. & Oldendick, R.W. (2017). Support for comprehensive sexuality education and adolescent access to condoms and contraception in South Carolina. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 12(3), 297-314 Marshall, S. A., Hudson, H. K., & Stigar, L. V. (2020). Perceptions of a School-Based Sexuality Education Curriculum: Findings from Focus Groups with Parents and Teens in a Southern State. Health Educator , 52 (1), 37-51. Ricks, N. (2016). The strengths perspective: providing opportunities for teen parents and their families to succeed. Journal of family Strengths , 15 (1), 11.

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Watson, L. L., & Vogel, L. R. (2017). Educational resiliency in teen mothers. Cogent Education , 4 (1), 1276009.

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