CHCCSL003-Learner-Workbook-ONLINE-V2.0.v2.1 (2) (1) (1)

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CHCCSL003 Facilitate the counselling relationship and process Learner Workbook

Page | 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Activities 3 Activity 1A 3 Activity 1B 4 Activity 1C 5 Activity 1E 8 Activity 2A 9 Activity 2B 10 Activity 2C 11 Activity 2D 12 Activity 2E 13 Activity 3A 14 Activity 3B 16 Activity 3C 18 Activity 3D 19 Activity 3E 20 Activity 3F 22 Activity 4A 23 Activity 4B 24 Activity 4C 25 Activity 4D 26 Activity 4E 27

Page | 2 Activities Complete the following activities individually or in a group (as applicable to the specific activity and the assessment environment). Activity 1A Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand the client’s story and their perspective to assist the client to feel comfortable and express their concerns freely. How can you ensure you understand the client’s perspective when engaged in your client discussions? 1. Be an Active Listener In most cases, the problem lies not with the failure to talk to the client, but it is with the failure to listen closely to what he/she is saying. 2. Build Rapport 3. Be Attentive 4. Understand the Client’s Vision 5. Research the Competition 6. Keep Track of the Trends 7. Follow up for Feedback 8. Note Taking How can you help the client to feel comfortable and open to expressing their concerns? The key to helping clients feel comfortable and open about expressing their concerns is to create a safe, non-judgmental space where they feel heard and understood. By showing empathy and understanding, counsellors can help clients feel validated and supported, which can encourage them to open-up more freely. Reflective listening involves repeating back what the client has said to ensure that you have understood their message correctly. This helps to show the client that you are really listening to them and that their concerns are important. It also gives the client an opportunity to clarify any misunderstandings or to elaborate on their experiences. Let the client know that their experiences are common and that they are not alone in their struggles. This can help reduce feelings of shame or isolation that the client may be experiencing. Encouraging the client to express themselves can help build their confidence and trust in the counselling process. Ensure that the client knows that anything they share with you is confidential. This can help them feel more comfortable sharing personal information and concerns.

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Page | 4 Activity 1B Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to look at client-presenting issues and their nature and depth, giving attention to the possibility of underlying issues. What is a presenting issue? The presenting issue is the brief description clients use to describe their reasons for seeking help when seeking psychological services. It is the initial clue encountered by psychologists in their efforts to help clients solve the problems that have brought them to therapy. The presenting issue may be complete and focused on the primary issue of concern to the client, vague and unrelated to the most pressing concerns of the client, or somewhere in between those extremes. What are underlying issues? Underlying issues are psychological problems, usually hidden or unknown to others, that affect an individual negatively. Underlying issues are hidden under many layers of emotions and other mental processes, which makes them not easily perceived by a casual onlooker. Sometimes they are not even known by the individual themselves. How can you look deeper at the presenting conditions in order to determine their true cause? To determine the cause of the presenting conditions, the counsellor needs to note the information given to them by the client and should do the assessment of the information. This may include, Looking at the appearance of the client. General behaviour of the client. The counsellor should also notice the mood of the client. The counsellor should observe that how the client is feeling, when he is trying to put his feelings in words. The counsellor should notice the speech of the client

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Page | 6 Activity 1C Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to identify situations requiring immediate action. What situations within the workplace may you need to respond immediately to? Fires in the work environment have significant potential to cause losses. Workplace violence requires a quick response because of the potential risk it poses to the safety of all staff members. It is critical to quickly find a solution to the problem to guarantee everyone's safety, including workers and consumers. Medical emergencies are the most common. While some are small (cuts, bruises, and harmless falls) others require immediate attention like cardiac arrest or fractures. Your fast response is critical, and you need to ensure first responders know how to give first aid and CPR. Your first step should be to call the ambulance and not move the victim (unless necessary to save their life). Assist your emergency responders when they arrive and notify the victim’s next of kin. Every office contains many high-tech devices, and each can stop working without a warning. But, since your PCs, copy machines, printers and tablets are all crucial to your business, any facility manager needs to know how to handle smaller issues and get the business running again. Additionally, make sure to have professionals on speed dial for any more serious problems. Have all your equipment protected with anti-virus systems, get the units cleaned regularly and encourage digital purging in the office to extend the life of your electronics Any substance that is harmful to human health is a hazardous substance (solvents, paints, pesticides, petroleum products, heavy metals…) If there was a leak in your facility, a nearby workplace had a leak or there was an accident on a nearby freeway, make sure to notify your fire and police departments. Describe your emergency and get instructions from the scene commanders and coordinators. Installation of fire hose reels Portable fire extinguishers - selection and location Fire hose reels Automatic fire detection and alarm systems Portable fire extinguishers (series) In-service safety inspection and testing of electrical equipment Fire blankets What is mandatory reporting? Mandatory reporting laws aim to identify cases of child abuse and neglect, and to assist the individual children in these cases (Royal Commission into

Page | 7 Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, [Royal Commission], 2017). They were first developed in response to the hidden nature of child physical abuse and neglect, with the purpose of bringing cases to the attention of child welfare agencies One particularly vital resource is the Ethical guidelines for reporting abuse and neglect and criminal activity, which includes a table of relevant legislation that is updated regularly to reflect changes in applicable law Reporting abuse and neglect One difficulty of working as a psychologist is that you do not always know what issues a client will raise despite conducting a thorough intake assessment. For that reason, it is important to be familiar with and understand legislation that is pertinent to your work. The legislation table at the end of the Ethical guidelines for reporting abuse and neglect and criminal activity is a good place to start. Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect is determined by state legislation but is now more common for psychologists across Australia. Psychologists as a profession are mandated to report in the Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria (since March 2019). In the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and Queensland – work roles that involve providing services to children are mandated to report. In Western Australia, court personnel including family counsellors are mandated to report. (Source: APS https://psychology.org.au/for-members/publications/inpsych/2020/dec-jan- issue-6/aps-ethical-guidelines-for-reporting-abuse-and-neg)

Page | 8 Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand primary concerns in relation to presenting issues and how to prioritise concerns on which to work. How can addressing primary concerns help with client presenting issues? Making the client feel at ease and demonstrating thoughtful understanding will enable the client to open up to the therapist about their experiences. The counsellor will then be able to assist the client in speaking openly. The client will also feel more comfortable discussing their worries with the counsellor in this way. Counselling has a few advantages. It comprises a higher level of comprehension of one's own and others' perspectives. The client will be able to organize their thoughts in a useful manner by discussing their ideas with the counsellor. Moreover, counselling fosters greater self-awareness, wellbeing, health, and mental clarity. The person will feel inspired, be able to change their lives, and develop good thoughts with the aid of counselling. Also, it will make you feel more relaxed, inspired, and motivated. How can you prioritise client concerns when addressing the needs of the client? While doing the discussion with the client, the counsellor needs to identify the concerns of the client that needs to be addressed. These are usually defined as situations that place the client or a member of their household in immediate danger of harm to self or to others. However, most of the needs that are identified by the clients are urgent for the short or extended period. Where brief time needs are usually related to the issues such as: Health care. Socio-economic needs. Behavioural issues.

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Page | 10 Activity 1E Estimated Time 20 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to consider the indicators of client issues requiring referral and how to report or refer appropriately in line with organisation requirements. Name three indicators of client issues that require referral. Child abuse Suicide ideation Alcohol and other drugs (AOD) Describe your organisation’s (or an example of) reporting/referral process. Whenever, the referrals are needed, the counsellor should follow all the procedures and guidelines. It includes client 's needs assessment and accessing the client 's information which includes reporting referral needs, reporting managers and the agencies, requesting referrals to the other organisational channels and soon. It is the duty of the counsellor to make the confidentiality of the client 's information while making referral. However, if there is a need to share a specific information, then firstly the permission should be taken form the client. but the permission should be taken in written. The referral letter may include Counsellor details, organisation details and the involvement of the client. Concerns or issues of the client. A brief overview of the client 's current situation. Explanation of the need of the referral.

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Page | 12 Activity 2A Estimated Time 60 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to identify and work with uncertainty and ambivalence of clients; and support clients to experience and process difficulties. Identify and explain at least 2 ways by which you could identify the uncertainty and/or ambivalence of the client and work with them to alleviate this. You should describe how you would assist the client to experience and process difficulties with their issue. Describe what communication techniques and micro-skills you would use to help you in your work. Active Listening: One way to identify and alleviate client uncertainty and ambivalence is to use active listening techniques. Active listening involves listening to the client attentively, clarifying their concerns, and responding empathetically. This helps the therapist to understand the client's perspective, clarify any uncertainties and alleviate ambivalence. To practice active listening which involves fully engaging with the client, paying attention to what they are saying, and demonstrating that you are listening through nonverbal cues s, a therapist can use micro-skills such as reflecting, summarizing, and paraphrasing to demonstrate understanding, identify uncertainties and clarify any ambivalence. This helps the client to feel heard and understood, which can increase their comfort level in sharing their concerns. Motivational Interviewing: Another way to identify and alleviate client uncertainty and ambivalence is to use motivational interviewing. Motivational interviewing is a client-cantered approach that seeks to help clients to identify and work through their ambivalence towards change. This approach involves exploring the client's values and goals, while also identifying any obstacles to achieving these goals. The therapist works collaboratively with the client to identify strategies for overcoming these obstacles and increasing their motivation to make changes. To practice motivational interviewing, a therapist can use micro-skills such as open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries to guide the client in exploring their ambivalence and developing their own solutions.

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Page | 14 Activity 2B Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand parallels and links in a client’s experience; and identify interventions that have meaning for the client’s immediate situation and that are most likely to facilitate client understanding and actions. How can parallels and links affect client experiences? When a counsellor is working with a client, they should look for similarities in their past experiences that will show there is a pattern and help them figure out how to solve problems during therapy. Parallels in the client's family history may arise, prompting the counsellor to investigate the client's earlier experiences and assist both the client and the counsellor in recognizing and comprehending the underlying difficulties. However, it is critical to establish any links between the client's experiences and actions. By going into these areas, the counsellor will be able to link the experiences with the concerns. Identifying commonalities and linkages enables both the counsellor and the client to evaluate the situation objectively, which benefits both parties. How can you ensure that the correct type of intervention is used for assisting a client? Choosing the right form of therapy can seem like an and challenging task. The most important thing to consider is how well the type of treatment meets individual goals and preferences. Identifying specific client goals is the first step. This motivation and goal- setting worksheet is a suitable place to start. One of the clearest signs that therapy is working is that that the client feels better. This could be obvious, or it might feel more subtle. For example, the client's life might begin to feel more manageable, or the fog on a complicated path forward may start to clear. Identifying those blinds pots can be painful, but the client might feel resistant to accepting them. But when they start to come into focus, you will experience “a-ha!” moments that can help explain where things have gone sideways in past interactions. improved relationships at home, and even at work is a sign that therapy is working for the client. When we can work through our pain, develop new skill sets, and learn new coping mechanisms, the way we engage with others is enhanced.

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Page | 16 Activity 2C Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to identify client strengths (known and previously unknown) and understand how these can be used by the client. How would you go about identifying the client’s known and unknown strengths? Decision-making skills: Explore with the client how they examine problems, make decisions, and whether there is follow-through with these decisions. Resiliency: Aid in identifying examples of the client's resourcefulness and ability to manage and make decisions in their life. Emotional strengths: Help the client find what their emotional strengths are, such as adaptability and/or a sunny outlook on life. Independent living skills: Identify skills and abilities that allow the client to live as independently as possible. How can these be used to help the client’s progress? setting short-term goals that your client may achieve can be an effective strategy for motivating them. Your clients may receive satisfaction from regularly completing their goals. After reaching their goals, the client can measure their progress and identify improvements. You can empower your clients by rewarding them for achieving their goals or reaching milestones. The type of reward you provide to your client can depend on several factors, such as the depth of their achievement or their interests and hobbies. Clients who feel appreciated for their efforts often gain empowerment to maintain their progress.

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Page | 18 Activity 2D Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand how to perceive the client’s feelings through reflecting back, clarification and review. What skills can you use when reflecting back to the client? Active listening is commonly used in counselling and conflict resolution and enables the recipient of a verbal communication to take a moment, digest information and then re-state this back to the speaker. This allows the counsellor to confirm their understanding with the client. It also allows the client to hear their own thoughts spoken aloud, which can sometimes help them to understand or absorb the meaning of what they have said. The counsellor can aid understanding for the client by rewording their thoughts into a more concise or cohesive text. Reflective listening is similar to active listening, the difference being that along with ensuring words and meaning have been understood, it also includes understanding and reflecting in words the feelings and emotions of the client. This can help the counsellor to understand the situation / position of the client and why they may take a particular viewpoint. Emotions can be interpreted both verbally and non- verbally in communication. How does clarification and client review help the client’s progress? Clarification and client review help the counsellor to know the progress of the counselling process. It will also help the counsellor to determine how many further counselling sessions are needed. Client review also helps to understand the client 's perspective and also empowers the client to help shaping their future counselling sessions

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Page | 20 Activity 2E Estimated Time 20 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to address underlying issues where appropriate and identify ways of dealing with them; and acknowledge changes in client’s life as appropriate. How can you identify ways to deal with the client’s underlying issues? Helping the clients to deal with the underlying issues, the counsellor needs to assist them in maintain their focus. It may be a simple case of keeping the client on track as they connect events and experiences, guiding them through a process of understanding. Alternatively, some client issues may be too painful to deal with in one session or may be difficult for the client to explore comfortably or recognise. What type of changes may the client experience through the process of counselling? A client may experience the following changes during the counselling process Emotional / behavioural crisis. Realisation and exploration of issues. Problem - solving. Understanding and acceptance. There are Stages as follows, STAGE ONE The counselling process begins with relationship building. This stage focuses on the counsellor engaging with the client to explore the issues that directly affect them. The first interview can set the scene for what is to come, with the client reading the counsellor's verbal and nonverbal signals to draw inferences about the counsellor and the process. The counsellor focuses on using good listening skills and building a positive relationship. STAGE TWO While the counsellor and client continue to build a beneficial, collaborative relationship, another process is underway: problem assessment. The counsellor carefully listens and draws out information regarding the client’s situation and the reason they have engaged in counselling. Information crucial to subsequent stages of counselling includes identifying triggers, timing, environmental factors, stress levels, and other contributing factors.

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Page | 21 STAGE THREE Effective counselling relies on setting appropriate and realistic goals, building on the previous stages. The goals must be identified and developed collaboratively, with the client committing to a set of steps leading to a particular outcome. STAGE FOUR This stage differs, depending on the counsellor and the theories they are familiar with, as well as the situation the client faces. For example, a behavioural approach may suggest engaging in activities designed to help the client alter their behaviour. In comparison, a person- cantered approach seeks to engage the client’s self-actualizing tendency. STAGE FIVE While there are clear stages to the typical counselling process, other than termination, each may be ongoing. For example, while setting goals, current information or understanding might surface that requires additional assessment of the problem.

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Page | 22 Activity 3A Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand the counselling review process with clients to ensure counselling remains of value. What is involved in monitoring and reviewing counselling sessions with clients? During the counselling sessions, the therapist should keep track of the client's development and then analyse the session later to determine whether the client has made any headway. The counsellor may provide questions to the client to elicit feedback from the individual and to ascertain whether any progress has been achieved. If the client is unhappy or there has been no progress achieved in therapy, the counsellor may need to find another counsellor for the client or look for a service that better fits the client's needs. It is important for the counsellor to keep track of the client's development during the course of the counselling sessions to determine whether the client has made any progress toward their goals. The counsellor may provide questions to the client to elicit feedback from the individual and to ascertain whether any progress has been achieved. If the client is unhappy or there has been no progress achieved in therapy, the counsellor may need to find another counsellor for the client or look for a service that better fits the client's needs. It is important for the counsellor to reflect on the counselling session after it has concluded to determine whether any progress was achieved. The counsellor can provide questions to the client to give feedback from the individual and to make sure whether any progress has been achieved. If the client is unhappy or there has been no progress achieved in therapy, the counsellor may need to find another counsellor for the client or look for a service that better fits the client's needs.

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Page | 24 Activity 3B Estimated Time 20 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to identify and threats and disruptions to the counselling process with clients. How can you determine if there are potential threats and disruptions to counselling with clients? During the counselling session, the counsellor could be confronted with several challenges or interruptions. These dangers and disturbances may originate from the customer or with other external resources. The counsellor and the client, to establish strategies and ways to deal, will benefit from the counsellor's awareness of the sorts of scenarios in which these occurrences may arise. These types of situations should be included in the client evaluations. List two potential threats/disruptions that may occur under the following areas: ⮚ Psychological barriers ⮚ Physical barriers ⮚ Economic barriers. Psychological barriers: Perception, viewpoints, attitudes, and opinions- Perception is the mindset that people adopt when judging, understanding, and interpreting everything. People perceive reality differently depending on one's experiences, which are shaped by their thoughts and feelings. Different viewpoints can also result in a barrier between two people since one may not comprehend the other's vision or understanding. Once misunderstandings are formed, every communication between them becomes ineffective because the person's view has already been solid. If someone does not feel good, he/she will speak less or even negatively. People who are preoccupied cannot communicate well. For example, when a person is angry, they may say things they regret later. Someone who is angry can easily misinterpret what someone else says, even when they are listening to them. Additionally, fear, nervousness, confusion, mistrust, and jealousy may also affect one's mindset and behaviour. Distractions- Background noise,

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Page | 25 poor lighting, uncomfortable sitting, unhygienic room, or an environment that is too hot or cold can affect people's morale and concentration. Physiological barriers- results from individuals' personal discomfort, ill-health, poor eyesight, or hearing difficulties which restricts one's mobility. Insufficiency of resources- may include poor economic conditions; vulnerable currency; low willingness to seek or pay for treatment by the government; or poor stewardship within countries. If the economic conditions in a country are poor - there are obviously fewer resources available for allocation to health care. Resource inappropriateness and inflexibility- By inappropriateness, it means that the situation where the services are available do not match the services needed or preferred, quite possibly because those needs and preferences are poorly appreciated. Additionally, inflexibility of resources is one source of market failure. More generally, the problem arises where services are too rigidly organized, and resources are not used to treat people in ways that are considered (by them or by others) to be best for them. Inflexible or highly unresponsive resourcing can be a problem in a system in which the collection of funds is highly centralized and allocation decisions are made centrally.

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Page | 26 Activity 3C Estimated Time 10 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand perceptions and how these may differ. What are perceptions? Perception refers to our sensory experience of the world. It is the process of using our senses to become aware of objects, relationships. So, through this experience that we gain information about the environment around us. Perception relies on the cognitive functions we use to process information, such as utilizing memory to recognize the face of a friend or detect a familiar scent. Through the perception process, we can both identify and respond to environmental stimuli. Why can perceptions differ between the client and the counsellor? Different individuals are going to have unique experiences and perspectives. The things that have happened to us, the things that we believe, the values that we hold, and the attitudes that we have all contribute to the way that we see the world. When we interact with other people, our perceptions might colour how we understand what others say and do. This can happen both positively and negatively. Our unique perspectives may in turn influence how we react to the experiences of other people. For example, if we get the impression that another person is untrustworthy, our behaviour towards that person may vary from how it would be if we saw them as trustworthy. The way we see things might also cause us to form judgments and assumptions about other people that may or may not be correct. When providing counselling, it is important to have an awareness of the ways in which our views might affect the connection between the counsellor and the client. If our impressions about the people we advise are incorrect, it may result in misunderstandings, which in turn can change our counselling as a result, it is important that we devote sufficient time and effort to learning about our clients and investigating how we personally understand them.

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Page | 28 Activity 3D Estimated Time 20 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand tension between client’s hopes and expectations and the reality of resource limitations; and facilitate change at a pace the client can tolerate and assimilate. Provide five examples of how clients may display tension regarding their hopes and expectations for counselling? unresponsive and Silent – Clients who are unwilling to engage in any type of conversation or divulge any information about themselves. They will usually only provide minimal responses. Indecive – These clients are likely to put off a decision until it is made for them or no longer an issue Interpersonal transaction, an individual's behaviour can become challenging when they feel threatened, undervalued, judged or if the counsellor their dealing with appear to have different goals or outcomes than they have for themselves. Superficially agreeable – Clients are “Yes” people and that they will agree with anything you say but really follow through with action, and number five Drug or substance effective clients. What resource limitations may impact on your client work? The allocated time for sessions may impact on your client work if the sessions are too short. This is because the client may not feel like they have enough time to explore their issues and may feel rushed. Medicare Resources may impact on your client work if they are not sufficient. This is because the client may not be able to afford to pay for the counselling sessions if Medicare does not cover them. The counselling environment may impact on your client work if it is not conducive to counselling. This is because the environment may be distracting or uncomfortable, which can make it difficult for the client to focus on their issues.

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Page | 29 How can you ensure that clients are comfortable with the pace of counselling and are able to assimilate changes? When assisting someone who is adjusting, it is vital that the person's concerns are heard and supported. Validation and acknowledgment of a person is an important aspect of counselling and intervention. It is vital to evaluate the person's perspective and context because counselling will take place within this setting to address concerns and support changes. A wish list can assist in identifying primary concerns by identifying what the person would like changed or improved in their life, thereby highlighting a concern. People may be doubtful about their capacity for change; but they require assistance in identifying the area of concern and in identifying the elements that contribute to their ambivalence and uncertainty.

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Page | 30 Activity 3E Estimated Time 20 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to recognise the appropriateness of ending counselling; and acknowledge, value and work with individual uncertainty in the counselling relationship. Name three indicators that counselling may be coming to an end for the client. Understanding and acceptance has been reached New habits and healthy choices have been established The client has taken positive actions Resolution of issues How can you ensure that counselling is ended appropriately with the client? What should you do if the client displays signs of uncertainty with counselling? Remember when dealing with a challenging client. Stay calm, and never let your own feelings spiral out of control. Responding to your client emotionally or angrily is only going to escalate the situation. Show Empathy. If you feel tense take a few deep breaths, keeping a slow and steady rhythm. It is ok to wait a moment and collect yourself rather than responding immediately. Remember not to take your client's behaviour as a personal offense. They might be under pressure. They could be having personal problems at home, or they are just having a horrible day. Whatever the reason, try not to be offended - you never know their exact situation. Try saying: “I understand this situation is frustrating for you.” “I know this is a sensitive topic, and that you’re worried about your business.” “I understand this has caused you real stress and concern.” Try to let your client get their feelings off their chest without interrupting.

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Page | 31 Avoid telling them to calm down - this can feel extremely hard and will often have the opposite effect. If things have really escalated politely suggest taking a ten-minute breather. Ask if they would a like a glass of water or coffee, or if they would prefer to reconvene on another day. Try not to judge them for things said in the heat of the moment (De-Escalate if you must)

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Page | 32 Activity 3F Estimated Time 25 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to understand ethical codes of conduct for addressing counselling dilemmas. What types of counselling dilemmas may you experience? An Example is client comes in with AOD issues as well as Mental Health Issues. The AOD Counsellors hears the commotion in the foyer. Both are indigenous and the male can only speak Aboriginal dialect. The Secretary is flustered because she is having a dreadful day There are several dilemmas. One is Language barrier. Although the receptionist contacts Aboriginal Liaison, what is said by the female in Aboriginal language, the Liaison officer does not understand, as there are many aboriginal languages today. That would be a language barrier. But the male is alcoholic and screaming out suicidal comments. The flustered receptionist (unethical Behaviour that she is portraying) should Be respectful to every client. She says under their policies that the man is excluded under the exclusion policy. Receptionist says anyone suicidal is excluded from the AOD service. The councillor wants to help the man immediately in their services. But if he does, he would be breaking ethics. The receptionist says to the AOD councillor if he takes the man in as a client, she will report him. This is an ethical Dilemma. The man is taken by MHS/CATT and the female distressed asks the counsellor “They Cannot Do That can they “Speaking of suicide the AOD is mandated to report this. An Informed consent /decision is made. The dilemma here is the man could be treated for AOD as well as why he wants to end his life. Other dilemmas are family relationships, transference, and boundaries Name two ethical principles from the PACFA Interim Code of Ethics, 2015. An Intermediary is selected by the Ethics Committee from the Intermediary Group after determining that there is no potential conflict of interest. 3. The Intermediary will provide their services with the aim to reach a resolution between both persons concerned. Through the entire ADR process no information about what has been said/agreed will be kept in writing. The only information that will be retained will be the dates of the interventions (for example, in a diary) kept by the Intermediary The Intermediary will have a conversation with the Complainant, either by video-link or telephone or face-to-face, to hear their experience, concerns and desired outcomes and determine if and how they wish to take the action further. Source - PACFA Code of Ethics 2017 © PACFA 2017

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Page | 33 How should human rights be incorporated into your counselling work? Human rights are the fundamental rights that all individuals should have as a human being; these include respect, dignity, freedom of speech and a right to be safe. It is treating people fairly without discrimination or cruelty and understanding that all people should have access to the same rights and opportunities The Commission has a responsibility to monitor Australia’s performance in meeting its international human rights commitments. We provide advice and recommendations so that these standards are reflected in our national laws, as well as policies and programs developed by government. What commonwealth anti-discrimination laws exist to protect individuals? The Australian Human Rights Commission has statutory responsibilities under the Age Discrimination Act 2004, Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986, Disability Discrimination Act 1992, Racial Discrimination Act 1975, and the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 Source - The Australian Human Rights Commission website.

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Page | 34 Activity 4A Estimated Time 20 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to enable client to identify when the process is approaching its conclusion; and enable client to identify, acknowledge and evaluate what is and is not changing, both in the counselling process and in their situation and understanding. Explain how you can bring awareness to the client that the counselling process is drawing to an end, and how you can assess with the client where changes have been made and have yet to be made. When the counsellor knows the counselling procedure is close to its end, the counsellor should set up the client for the completion and plan with them with the stage to proceed with their advancement. Directing may have accomplished all or a portion of the customer 's destinations and ought to have given the client a knowledge into their feelings, practices, activities, and inspirations. At the end point of the counselling procedure is the relationship that is produced between the client and the counsellor; one that is based upon rapport and comprehension. At the point when the relationship must end, the client may feel frightened or not ready for dealing with their own needs and advancement. To empower the client to distinguish when directing is attracting to a nearby, the counsellor can Discuss that the finish of advising is drawing nearer Review customer advance Highlight the positive changes made by the customer Assess the devices and aptitudes that the client has learned for keeping up their wellbeing and prosperity

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Page | 36 Activity 4B Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to use the ending process to enable client to understand the nature and impact of earlier issues. How can you help the client to understand the impacts of previous issues experienced in the counselling process? Validate their experiences: It is important to acknowledge and validate the client's experiences and emotions related to their previous issues in the counselling process. Let them know that it is normal to encounter setbacks and challenges during counselling, and that their feelings are valid. Explore the impacts: Encourage the client to explore the impacts that their previous issues may have had on their current state of mind and emotions. Ask open-ended questions to help them reflect on their experiences and identify patterns. Connect the dots: Help the client connect the dots between their past experiences and their current challenges. By understanding the connections between past issues and current challenges, clients can develop insight into their situation and identify areas where they can make positive changes. Provide tools and strategies: Help the client develop tools and strategies to manage the impacts of their previous issues. This may involve teaching them coping skills, self-care techniques, and stress reduction strategies. Focus on the present: Encourage the client to focus on the present moment and not dwell too much on the past. While it is important to acknowledge and address past issues, it is also important to focus on the present and move forward with a positive mindset.

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Page | 38 Activity 4C Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to use boundaries of the counselling relationship to assist the ending process; and plan, structure and contract endings appropriately with client. Explain how you would plan, structure and contract endings, making sure that client-counsellor boundaries are followed. The client - counsellor work role boundaries will give you the correct structure in which to convey the counselling relationship to its end. Limits exist to provide both counsellor and the client with a suitable arrangement to direct the working relationship, it considers a typical comprehension on the activities and prerequisites for guiding to be made. Consequently, from the beginning of the client 's counselling relationship, fitting activities should be obvious to all, and the advocate should guarantee that these are built up accurately and did all through the term of time spent together.

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Page | 40 Activity 4D Estimated Time 15 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to support client’s sense of autonomy during the ending process. What does client autonomy mean? Autonomy is the principle that addresses the concept of independence. The essence of this principle is allowing an individual the freedom of choice and action. It addresses the responsibility of the counsellor to encourage clients, when appropriate, to make their own decisions and to act on their own values. Clients have the right to a safe space for self-exploration and self- determination with a therapist who honours their freely chosen values. Clients have the right to integrate their personal values, spiritual beliefs, or religious faith into their therapy and their individual growth process. Why is it important to support the client’s autonomy through the process of counselling? Client 's autonomy is fundamental for giving the customer their very own capacity to approach, handle, and process issues successfully. Enabling the client to play a functioning job in their own recovery will advance an even more captivating relationship and final process

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Page | 42 Activity 4E Estimated Time 20 Minutes Objective To provide you with an opportunity to address any opportunities for further support; and deal with unresolved issues of the client. What types of support can be used for after counselling? Free or low-cost counselling may be available through community centres, charities, and religious organisations. It is available both face-to-face and online. However, through my personal experience they can be loud and distracting environments. Thier are support groups such as SANE, GROW communities or if a client needs a chat there are phone lines such as Lifeline and Beyond Blue. Another Amazing App for Mobile Phone is the BeyondBlue App which is available to those who need support anytime. There is even an emergency system for Depression or suicide thinking. But if the client is suffering severe depression or contemplating suicide even after counselling has ceased, I would recommend dialling 000 Briefly research a support option and provide details of this. eheadspace provides free online and telephone support and counselling to young people 12 – 25 and their families and friends. Call 1800 650 890, 9am – 1am AEST / 7 days a week, chat FriendLine supports anyone who is feeling lonely, needs to reconnect or just wants a chat. You can call them 7 days a week on 1800 424 287, or chat online with one of their trained volunteers. All conversations with FriendLine are anonymous. MensLine Australia is a professional telephone and online counselling service offering support to Australian men. Call 1300 78 99 78, 24 hours/7 days a week, chat online or organise a video QLife provides nationwide telephone and web-based services for lesbian peer support and referral for people wanting to talk about a range of issues including sexuality, identity, gender, bodies, feelings, or relationships. Call 1800 184 527, 3pm – 12am (midnight) AEST/7 days a week. Suicide Call Back Service provides 24/7 support if you or someone you know is feeling suicidal. Call 1300 659 467. PANDA (Perinatal Anxiety & Depression Australia) supports women, men and families across Australia affected by anxiety and depression during pregnancy and in the first year of parenthood. Call 1300 726 306, 9am – 7:30pm AEST (Mon-Fr

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Page | 43 Why do unresolved issues need to be addressed? Unresolved trauma can haunt us throughout our lives in ways that often do not seem direct. Old wounds can have all kinds of physical and psychological effects. Certain events may involuntarily trigger reactions in us that we have not thought about in years: guilt, shame, fear, or anger sourcing from early in our lives. Facing our trauma is not easy, but it is a fundamental aspect of healing mentally and physically, a tool for building better relationships, and a key to unlocking our truest selves.

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