PSY444 MS2 alone EDIT

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Methods and Results Ryan Norris Department of Psychology: Southern New Hampshire University PSY 444: MS2 Methods and Results Dr. Clark. B, Professor March 28, 2021

2 Methods and Results Methods and Results Procedure Gathering evidence to support the hypothesis and answer past research questions is a search strategy. Identifying reports of the correlational involvement of drugs and crime will outline this strategy. Not all drug users are criminals, but most criminals are involved with drugs (FBP, 2021). All the research gathered to support this analysis comes from American, local and national statistics only. These interviews and longitudinal studies have all been completed in America. The best way to understand the struggle of an individual is to understand the culture they come from. With America being the only country in the world as diversified, as it is, this will be troublesome to create a demographical ideation of individual drug abuser. With the evidence provided it is still impossible to create the “ideal” user, but we can show common behaviors between those who abuse drugs and commit crime. The purpose of this research is to help the comprehension of laypersons, lawyers, and politicians with the affiliation of drugs to crime. This research will be comprised of quantitative study with correlational research data gathered supporting its claims. Thousands of questionnaires will be sent via digital media marketing and mailed to correctional facilities around the country. The data will consist of analysis, self-surveys, and transcripts from interviews. Choosing and narrowing an audience population size, (N=664), this should give the research an approximate margin of error of 3.8% with a confidence level of 95%. The sample size of 664 individuals was chosen from Americas current incarceration population size of around 2.5 million individuals. Leaving out variables of

3 Methods and Results presumed innocence, police interaction or interference and victims of the crimes, should help make clear what research is needed in the future. Future research will not only help in learning more information about the correlation of drugs and crime but can also show valuable to educate. These numbers could be different if the criminal is wrongfully charged or convicted. Also, if the victim elaborately embellished their experience. Police officers have been known to plant evidence and coheres suspects to falsely incriminate themselves. This information also allows us to focus on a large enough population currently involved with the bureaucracy to represent crimes committed and those involved. Beginning with inviting 3,320 individuals through digital media marketing and volunteers from the prisons, prior research shows an expecting response rate around 20%. The number of individuals involved in this survey is crucial, as the more involved means the results will be presumed as trustworthy. Participants Using an office environment to conduct interviews and analyze data material gathered will help all parties involved remain safe, calm, and comfortable. Having a diversity of subjects will allow for the surveys and questionnaires to have a diverse plethora of answers. Separating each division of variables, 200 convicted criminals, 200 victims of drug related crimes, and 200 law enforcement agents that participate often in drug related crimes. Leaving 64 positions for any deviations, one group may choose to participate more as their schedule may not be crammed. Encompassing the diversity and their experiences of all gender, race and religion will remove any possible bias of the data gathered. Participants will be chosen by soliciting past victims in the community that have reported experience because of crime or drug involvement. This

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4 Methods and Results community outreach will help gather data that will help understand crime and the connection to drugs. Gathering these individuals together will take several sessions as some of the chosen members of the study will be incarcerated and not given permission to leave the premises. Time also must be allotted to remain flexible for law enforcement and their schedules. The types of subjects chosen from the incarcerated individuals will be self-confessed drug abusers and individuals convicted of crimes involving drugs. There is a possibility of having more men for the simple reason there are 93.3% incarcerated men in comparison 6.7% women incarcerated (FBP, 2021).

5 Methods and Results These individuals will be selected from local, Florida, penitentiary facilities which house low security risk inmates. This will provide the best protection of safety for the researchers interviewing. There will also be police reports gathered for a clearer picture, along with law

6 Methods and Results enforcement interviews to understand their experiences providing more transparent data.

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7 Methods and Results Table 2 shows an increase in violent behavior with drugs. This research even added the impact of gang affiliation. The data gathered from the law enforcement officials will better display connection of crime to drugs. As these officials deal with these situations every day providing the best wisdom from experience. This data will also include therapist research of correlational assessments that have been released with permissive communication from the clients. Law enforcement officers will be requested through digital media marketing asking for volunteers for research. These therapists were chosen for their professional experience dealing with individuals with drug related charges or struggles. This will provide empirical evidence to support the hypothesis, majority of crime committed, is by drug abusers. Subjects that were victims will also

8 Methods and Results be evaluated. It is important that every facet of the behavior be addressed. Were drugs involved in the crime? Do these individuals understand their role in these interviews, to help break this ruinous connection of drugs and crime? Materials Using research found by Matthew Phillips from Rochester Youth Development Study, examined the mechanisms that lead an individual, from drug use to drug dealing and eventually committing violent crimes (2012). Using research like this will support drug involvement and crime. More importantly Phillips discovers that drugs are associated with more violent crimes. Table 4 goes to the depth of showing how violent of a crime an individual will commit when they participate in using drugs, selling drugs, age, and ethnicity. Accumulated information will be kept private and solely used for research purposes. Data will be recorded digitally for each assessment obtained. By analyzing current National Crime Victimization Survey’s along with the U.S. Department of Justice; Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. These resources prove extremely valuable when trying to relay information to the layperson. Evaluating instruments such as, historical research Drugs and Crime Facts, 1989. Also, current instruments like the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program (ADAM). These resources have been gathered from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). Ethics Ethical concerns of privacy and transparency will be most paramount of all logistics gathered. Understanding that addiction is a disease compassion is a must (Sinclair-House, Child, & Crombag, et. al 2020). Prior to any persons interviewed or completion of written information the individuals participating victims, criminals, and law enforcement will sign a willingness to

9 Methods and Results participate and an understanding of collaborative effort consent forms. Any individual involved with the research must be informed of how their information will be gathered, distributed, and implemented. The involved parties will gather prior to participation for a full transparent question and answer session. This session will consist of verbal communication, written consent and given instructions on how to complete the necessary paperwork. Data gathered will be protected through the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPPA (United States, 2004)]. Data Analysis Using data analysis methods such as sampling and population statistics to help relay the information gathered and assessed. Quantitative research will display recorded information from polls and censuses for statistical scrutiny. Data will be kept in a Zero Trust network system. A zero trust is a network protection model with a multi-layered approach that will keep a digital fingerprint of any persons attempting to acquire data recorded regarding the experiment (Borkar, 020). Ethical considerations will be followed protecting anonymity and confidentiality of

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10 Methods and Results responses to surveys.

11 Methods and Results Results The results from the U.S. Department of Justice will reference how the research supports the hypothesis and has directly relatable results. Very clearly tables 2 and 4 show that there is increased violence with drug use. Even more so with being a drug dealer. The hypothesis is supported through the data gathered. The crimes do not on increase as drug use increases. The acerbity increases as the entanglement with drugs intensifies.

12 Methods and Results References: Borkar, A. (2020). When implementing zero Trust, context is everything. https://securityintelligence.com/posts/when-implementing-zero-trust-context-is-everything/? _ga=2.1488563.329065922.1616905293- 697889535.1616905293&_gac=1.61407582.1616905293.CjwKCAjwr_uCBhAFEiwAX8YJgW 69kO9cNuYJbGaizcXe8T_C7EHibkcvkLvGwnnqJCuEP3y1dOkrKRoCZi4QAvD_BwE FBP. (2021). Federal Bureau of prisons. https://www.bop.gov/about/statistics/statistics_inmate_gender.jsp Phillips M. D. (2012). Assessing the Impact of Drug Use and Drug Selling on Violent Offending in a Panel of Delinquent Youth. Journal of drug issues , 42 (3), 298–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042612456017 Sinclair-House, N., Child, J. J., & Crombag, H. S. (2020). Addiction is a brain disease, and it doesn’t matter: Prior choice in drug use blocks leniency in criminal punishment. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , 26 (1), 36–53. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1037/law0000217 United States. (2004). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA ). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept.

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