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7ltruism and Social =xchange Theory Aidan Clarken U±²±³´µ³

Table of contents 7ltruism Social =xchange Theory @ow ;an We Test that Relationship5 References ' ( * 5 @ow 7re They Related5 ) What is the Real Dife 7pplication5 +

What is 7ltruism5 Altruism is defined as “behavior that benefits others at a personal cost to the behaving individual¶” in a research paper about the evolution of altruism ·Kerr¶ et al¸¶ ´¹¹²º¸ Someone is receiving the benefit of your actions while there is no reward for you¸ To put it simply¶ you choose to help someone out of the goodness of your heart because there is no reason or reward for you¶ in fact this helping often comes at a cost to you¸ This cost can be anything from social image to your time¶ but you are taking on that cost in favor of helping someone else¸

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What is Social =xchange Theory5 Social Exchange Theory is a more complex concept¸ In a research paper about social exchange¶ it is defined as¶ “the exchange of activity¶ tangible or intangible¶ and more or less rewarding or costly¶ between at least two persons¶” ·Cook » Rice¶ ´¹¹µº¸ As humans interact as social beings¶ we have optimized our interactions intro transactions¸ We tent to view this interactions as cost and reward¸ Costs can be anything as simple as a monetary cost to what opportunities we forgo to interact¸ Rewards can also be anything from a monetary or physical reward to positive emotions¸ The theory states that we always have a motive to interact socially¶ whether we are aware of it or not¸ By examining the rewards and costs at hand¶ we can be predictive of behavior¸ For example¶ if an attractive woman were to come up to you in front of your friends¶ you may converse with her to appear more confident¶ but if the same woman approached you alone¶ you may be too shy to even talk to her¸

@ow 7re 7ltruism and Social =xchange Related5 Altruism and Social Exchange Theory are linked at an intrinsic level¸ While altruism states that we seek to help someone with no personal gain in mind¶ Social Exchange Theory is what motivates us to interact with others based on a cost¼reward basis¸ They are related because the concept of altruism is in contradiction of Social Exchange Theory¸ “If people are seeking to maximize rewards and minimize costs in interpersonal relationships¶ then how can we account for the variation of altruistic intentions…"” is a question posed in a research paper on the existence of altruism in a world based on Social Exchange Theory ·Honeycutt¶ ±"!±º¸ There has long been debate about which concept overpowers the other¸ Since Social Exchange Theory has the capacity to influence all of our social interactions and choices¶ it also has the capacity to influence our altruistic acts¸

Testing of the Relationship To test the relationship between altruism and Social Exchange Theory¶ you would need an extreme situation¸ In my mind¶ this unfortunately turns out something like a Saw movie¸ You would need to place a willing participant in varying levels of real or perceived mortal danger or extreme pain while measuring a subjects blind reaction¸ For example¶ one person seemingly drowning in quicksand or another who is tied to a railroad with an oncoming train¸ Although not ethical¶ these opportunities would shed light on whether a person will act¶ especially at a great cost to them¶ with no reward¸ Splitting participants into two groups¶ one told they get millions to save them and one who was told nothing¶ would further intensify the effects of Social Exchange Theory on altruism¸

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Real Dife 7pplication and Amportance In terms of how these concepts apply to real life¶ they can offer us some key points of understanding¸ Altruism is an important concept to consider when interacting with others¸ It is important for two different reasons¸ For one¶ it is vital for us to consider helping others without seeking reward$ we need to be more altruistic as a society¸ On the flip side of that coin¶ it is important to consider why someone may be choosing to help you or interact with you¶ given that true altruism is rare¸ Social Exchange Theory is applicable to real life because whether we are aware of it or not¶ it has the capacity to dictate our actions¸ Understanding why our subconscious sways us to make certain decisions can help us make better conscious decisions if we are aware of why we choose¸ Understanding weighing the reward and the cost can help us make more sound choices all which being more aware of why we are making those choices¸

References Kerr¶ Benjamin¶ et al¸ “What Is Altruism"” Trends in Ecology » Evolution¶ Mar¸ ´¹¹²¶ www¸cell¸com½trends½ecology¼evolution½fulltext½S¹±µ"¼³¾² ·¹¾º¹¹ ¾±!¼³¸ Cook¶ K¸S¸¶ Rice¶ E¸ ·´¹¹µº¸ Social Exchange Theory¸ In# Delamater¶ J¸ ·edsº Handbook of Social Psychology¸ Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research¸ Springer¶ Boston¶ MA ¸ https#½½doi¸org½±¹¸±¹¹ ½¹¼¾! ¼¾µ"´±¼X_¾ Honeycutt¶ James M¸ “ALTRUISM AND SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY# THE VICARIOUS REWARDS OF THE ALTRUIST¸” JSTOR¶ spring ±"!±¶ www¸jstor¸org½stable½¹³a¹ c¹±¼¹fa ¼¾fµ ¼"baa¼c""dec¾¾µ´b"¸

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