PA 3

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Functional Neuroanatomy Dr. Mansi A. Shah PA 3 – Review of Brain and Environs and Motor Control 1. Brain and Environs 2. Next, answer the following multiple-choice questions: a. Cisterns are enlarged: i. Subarachnoid spaces ii. Epidural spaces iii. Subdural spaces iv. None of the above b. The subarachnoid space: i. Makes cerebrospinal fluid ii. Would develop a hemorrhage if a blood vessel were to burst iii. Is present only around the cerebral cortex, and not the spinal cord iv. All of the above c. The cerebral aqueduct: i. Is located between the third and fourth ventricles ii. Is part of the ventricular system iii. Located within the brainstem iv. All of the above Page 1 of 3

3. 60 minutes: controlling the robotic arm ( https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3a5u6djGnE 5:25- 9:02 ) The clip we will watch is the result of decades of work on how to build effective brain-computer interface. The process of being able to map out motor or sensory areas and correlate them with behavior, and then turn that back into a usable program to control/detect from a robotic arm is incredibly complicated. The primary areas of your brain are not a point-to-point interface with the environment, meaning you will not find one neuron that fires for one muscle fiber or detects from 1 point on the skin for a given sensation. Neurons at the primary cortical level typically have “course coding” where they respond to a range of stimuli for that given sense. Thus, trying to figure out what pattern of firing moves your fingers in a certain direction involves recording many neurons with different firing properties in many different scenarios to get the “average” firing pattern. 1. What region of the brain did they likely record from to get an accurate firing pattern for Jan’s motor movements? The region of the brain that they received a record from to get an accurate firing pattern for Jan’s motor movement is right on the surface of the skull, implying it is the motor cortex as it is easily accessible and responsible for the hand and arm movements. 2. At this point, Jan can only make motor commands and does not receive tactile feedback from her movements. If you have ever had your hands in the freezing cold and then tried to open a doorknob or even work your phone, you know much that can affect motor movements. How could this brain-computer interface be modified to allow Jan to have tactile feedback as well? Page 2 of 3

This interface can be modified to allow Jan to have tactile feedback by the use of additional sensors in the brain in different areas to enhance the sensory feedback, which will heighten the receiving information and make the nervous system more reactive. Page 3 of 3

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