PHIL-t00716871
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Thompson Rivers University *
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Course
1110
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
7
Uploaded by MajorRainAlligator37
Name: Thi Nguyen PHIL 1110 W24 HWA 1 T00716871
Section 1: For each of the four arguments below:
A) Circle indicator words and underline the conclusion.
B) Standardize the argument (i.e., breaking the argument down into its premise(s) and conclusion.)
C) Diagram the argument.
D) For questions 2-4, state one possible issue related to language usage. NOTE: All statements are relevant to the argument – assume there is no noise
! Also, be sure that your answer is legible and clear. (10 marks each) 1.We are feeling hungry. There is no food in the house. Since the car is gone,
we cannot go anywhere to get a meal. Thus, we must get food delivered to the house. A) Circle indicator words: Since, Thus
and underline the conclusion: we must get food delivered to the house. B)
Premise 1: We are feeling hungry.
Premise 2: There is no food in the house.
Premise 3: the car is gone.
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IC4: we cannot go anywhere to get a meal.
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MC5: thus, we must get food delivered to the house. C) P3
P2
P1
11
MC5
IC4
2. The first three experiments with Drug X showed no positive results. Since the fourth experiment with the same drug showed only slightly positive results, Drug X should be viewed overall as not effective for treating the illness under investigation. So, we must now think about reorganizing our research agenda. Premise 1: The first three experiments with Drug X showed no positive results.
Premise 2: the fourth experiment with the same drug showed only slightly positive results,
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IC3: Drug X should be viewed overall as not effective for treating the illness under investigation.
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MC4: we must now think about reorganizing our research agenda. d) I think one possible issue related to language usage is vague word in the term "slightly positive results." It is essential to specify what "slightly positive" means, as it can be interpreted differently by different individuals. This vagueness can be a potential source of misunderstanding and may impact the interpretation of the overall effectiveness of Drug X.
3. I maintain that Dexter is the murderer
. He would probably have bloodstains on his clothing if he did the crime, and we found evidence of bloodstains on his shirt. The murder weapon was within his reach for quite a P2
P1
11
IC3
MC4
while before the crime was committed. Also, everyone knows that Dexter is a
malicious character and despises the victim. Finally, since no witness can provide a credible alibi for Dexter’s whereabouts, he likely had the opportunity to commit the crime. Premise 1:
He would probably have bloodstains on his clothing if he did the crime.
Premise 2: we found evidence of bloodstains on his shirt.
Premise 3: The murder weapon was within his reach for quite a while before the crime was committed.
Premise 4: everyone knows that Dexter is a malicious character and despises
the victim.
Premise 5: since no witness can provide a credible alibi for Dexter’s whereabouts.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
IC 6: he likely had the opportunity to commit the crime. -------------------------------------------------------------------
MC7: Dexter is the murderer
.
4. Given that Edwin Hubble discovered that all galaxies are moving away from one another, it follows that the universe is inflating. Since Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background, we also have evidence which indicates that the energy in the universe used to be much denser than today. These two discoveries provide concrete evidence that the universe began with a kind of explosion. Therefore, the Big Bang P2
P3
P1
P4
P5
IC6
MC7
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theory should be considered as the most well-supported theory that explains the origins of the universe
. Premise 1: Edwin Hubble discovered that all galaxies are moving away from one another.
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IC2 the universe is inflating. Premise 3: Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background,
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IC4: we also have evidence which indicates that the energy in the universe
used to be much more dense than today.
---------------------------------------------------
IC5 the universe began with a kind of explosion.
---------------------------------------------------
MC6: the Big Bang theory should be considered as the most well-supported theory that explains the origins of the universe. P3
P1
IC4
IC2
IC5
IC2
D) I think one possible issue related to language usage is a form of ambiguity in language usage. This phrase allows for a variety of interpretations regarding the reasons why the term "explosion" could not be sufficient to describe the Big Bang. These interpretations include lack of clarity, complexity, and other aspects.
Section 2 - Language:
1. Circle one negative connotation found in the following arguments. (NOTE: Circle one word only.
) (1 mark each) 1.
The food you served at the party was atrocious. The appetizers were some of most disgusting, vile, and rancid things I’ve ever tasted. 2.
We need to make sure that our political discourse is free from all the asinine rhetoric that would pour hatred and malice into our hearts. Those fools on the other side of the political spectrum are the culprits! 2. For each argument below, circle the word that is the source of the ambiguity
. Circle only ONE word or phrase
. 1.
The investigation by the police uncovered a stash of hidden arms. 2.
God must exist, because only God can perform miracles, and it is a miracle that I passed my physics exam. 3. Find one instance of a vague word or phrase being used in this argument.
Circle only ONE word or phrase. 1.
School principal
: Any student wearing inappropriate clothing will be sent home. 2.
Beri
: What’s the speed limit on this highway? Sally
: There is no speed limit. But you can be fined or arrested if you drive at a dangerous or unreasonable speed. 4. For each argument below, find one euphemism being employed. Circle only
one word or phrase PER argument. 1.
Given the recent economic troubles in a variety of important industrial sectors, a period of negative growth for the economy as a whole has been forecast. 2.
The acquisition of pollution permits by individuals and corporations that produce byproducts of industrial processes has now been allowed by the recently amended Clean Air Act of 1990. Institution of permits simplifies and clarifies obligations for business and industry, making environmental protections more accessible for these constituents. Section 3 – Argument Types:
For the following questions, state the argument type
. Then, write down the strength or quality of the argument using the term that is appropriate for its type
. (2 marks each) a. I’ve ordered books online many times. In the past, when I received a book in the mail, it was undamaged. My current book order is similar to my past book orders. So, the new book that will arrive next week will probably be undamaged. Type:__inductive___________________________ Quality:_____strong________________________ b. The risk of wildfires rises during extended periods of warm weather with no rainfall. Since the weather during the summers in Kamloops is warm and has little rainfall, the risk of wildfire rises during the summer. Type:________________deductive_____________ Quality:____sound_________________________ c. I’ve taken forty shots in the basketball game. I’ve missed every single shot
badly. I’m about to take another shot. I think that this shot will probably go in! Type:__________inductive___________________ Quality:____weak_________________________
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d. All tigers are warm-blooded
. My pet is warm-blooded. Therefore, my pet is a tiger. Type:______deductive_______________________ Quality:_________invalid____________________ e. Jacinda is a real estate agent, and she makes a lot of money. Therefore, all
real estate agents likely earn very high salaries. Type:______inductive_______________________ Quality:________weak_____________________