MMET 301 Report Lab 1 & 2

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Texas A&M University *

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301

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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Memo To: Shivanand From: Brendyn Sanders Section #: 901 Date: 1/28/2022 Re: Lab 1 Fundamentals I & Lab 2 Fundamentals II —------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to understand and review the basic mechanics concepts such as force, work, power, efficiency through various diagrams and experiments. Procedure: In exercise II: Material relationship and Coefficient of Friction, the first step of this experiment was to make sure we had all the material necessary to complete the lab. This material included the block and cup connected by a string, and the inclined plane. For our results to be accurate we were first required to take the weight of the block and set the inclined plane to a degree of 0. Once that was completed we then set the block on the flat surface of the inclined plane and let the cup hang off the side. We then began placing our weight in the cup until the block started to slide off the inclined plane. After each result we took a reading of the cup weight when calculating. Results: The results for this lab are within the lab report Conclusion/Recommendations: During the lab we learned how to use free body diagrams to understand how force acts upon an object in the x and y direction. Real World Applications: Safety: It was crucial that during the lab we followed the safety guidelines instructed by our TA, which included keeping our safety glasses on at all times, and keeping both hands on the Colson hoist during the experiment.

I. Title: Lab 1: Fundamentals I II. Introduction/Purpose- The purpose of this lab was to understand and review the basic mechanics concepts such as force, work, power, efficiency through various diagrams and experiments. III. Approach/Methodology- The goal of this lab was to use two different equations which were the theoretical mechanical advantage and the actual mechanical advantage. To find these different values we used an inclined plane and a block connected to a cup at three different degrees, to see the difference between the values. As the cup was hanging off the inclined plane, we added weight to the cup until it began to slide off the inclined plane. The block had the weight of the cup moving the block, and friction from the plane was the resistance for the block. IV. Data- Ө Block Weight (Wb) Cup weight (Wc) when calculating (µs) Cup weight (Wc) when calculating (µk) µs µk 40 477g 485g 491g .488 .505 0 477g 253.5g 259.5g .531 .544 30 477g 497g 508.8g .626 .654 V. Summary/Conclusion- In conclusion, this lab was important to me because it taught me a real world application, such as how it is used on bridges and trusses with the concept of equilibrium. I thoroughly enjoyed this aspect of the lab. I also learned about free body diagrams and understood just how important they can be used in a variety of different situations to better understand how force and gravity could have an effect on an object. Post lab: a. Draw the free body diagram of the following (Make necessary assumptions)

b. Several children are playing in a park. One child pushes the merry go round with a force of 100 N. The diameter of the merry go round is 100m. Calculate the torque Torque = Force x Moment Arm(radius) - T = F * r 100 * 50 = 5000 Wm c. Calculate the work done in raising a box by a height of 30 m in 30 seconds. Also calculate the power required to do the same. (Make necessary assumptions) Work = Force x Distance - W = F * d Power = Work / Time - P = W / t =m * 9.8 * 30 W = 294m J 294/30 P = 9.8W

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I. Title- Lab 2 Fundamentals II II. Introduction/Purpose- The purpose of this lab was to better understand mechanical advantage, and efficiency using different types of levers and block mechanisms. III. Approach/Methodology- The goal of this lab was to better understand mechanical advantage, and efficiency using different types of levers and block mechanisms. We used two different exercises to better understand how block systems and lever systems work, and the advantages and disadvantages the two offer. IV. Data- The data for the lab can be found throughout the report. V. Summary/Conclusion- In conclusion this lab was important to me because it allowed me to better understand different types of levers and block mechanisms in real world examples. Exercise 1: Block System a) What is the value of w1, w2 and w3, given W=200 lbs? W1 = 100lbs W2 = 100lbs W3 = 100lbs b) How much Mechanical Advantage is achieved in each case? Figure 1 : m = 200/100 = 2 Figure 2: m = 200/100 = 2 Figure 3: m = 200(3)/200 = 3 c) What will be Theoretical mechanical advantage if Weight W is lifted 6 inches and W1 is applied for 10 inches? 10/6 = 5/3 = 1.66 d) Obtain the ratio of actual and theoretical mechanical advantage. 200 * 6/100*10 = 1200/1000 = 1.2 e) One of the common applications for such system can be to lift a heavy engine from a Car. List 5 more examples where such a system can be used? Elevators, Cargo lift, Wells, Exercise equipment

Exercise 2: Lever Arrangements Figures 4, 5 and 6 show 3 different types of lever arrangements. For each of these arrangements, compute the following: a) For each of the above arrangements, write 5 different examples: Lever Type 1: Seesaw, Scissors, Pliers, Crowbar, Nail Clippers Lever Type 2: WheelBarrow, Staplers, Door, Bottle Opener, Nutcracker Lever Type 3: Fishing Rod, Broom, Baseball Bat, Human Jaw, Bow and Arrow b) Complete the following table: Arrangement A (inches) B (inches) W (in lbs) Force Mechanical

Required (lbs) Advantage 1 10 5 100 50 2 2 15 5 100 33.3 3 3 15 5 100 300 .33 c) Which of the arrangements required maximum amount of force? Which arrangement yields maximum Mechanical Advantage? Arrangement 3 requires maximum amount of force Arrangement 2 yields maximum mechanical advantage d) Compare Relative advantages and disadvantages of each of the arrangements? Arrangement 1 :advantage can be used as a multiplier and disadvantage it requires more space. Arrangement 2: advantage is a high mechanical advantage, and disadvantage is long movements. Arrangement 3: advantage can be force demultiplexer, and disadvantage is mechanical advantage is low. Post Lab: 1. What is the theoretical mechanical advantage (TMA) of an inclined plane? The length of the incline divided by the vertical rise. 2. Explain the TMA or AMA of a car while driving. Consider the engine, gear box, drivetrain and wheels. The AMA of a car while driving is the ratio of the force exerted from the engine to the gearbox front he gear box to the drive train and then to the wheels. All of these different pieces in the car are going to cause friction within the machine. The AMA is always going to be less than the TMA because of the friction present. You calculate the AMA by the force delivered by machine / Actual force applied to the machine. 3. Explain torque applied while closing a door. Obtain the expression for the torque applied while opening a door by assuming variables.

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If you apply force directly to the hinge of the door, it will not move. Applying a force to the door furthest from the hinge will maximize the torque produced to the door.