physics report 1 (2)

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Texas State University *

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MISC

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Mechanical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Abstract In this experiment we will be using and getting familiar with simple machines and have a better understanding of what they are and how they work. In this experiment we used two different simple machines, we used the pulley system along with wheel and axle and an inclined plane. A simple machine is able to change the magnitude of a force and it modifies motion in order to perform work. We will conduct two different experiments and in both we will calculate the IMA and AMA and as well the Efficiency. The objective is to understand, observe, and analyze the angle changes or the amount of pulleys used makes the amount change. At the end of this experiment we were able to see how the pulley system and inclined plane worked by actually doing the experiment and by collecting and calculating our data. The overall data we collect will show that the lowest angle required the least amount of effort versus the higher angle that required the most amount of effort. Introduction In this experiment we use two different simple machines to see how they work and to calculate the efficiency. The main focus is work and efficiency and their relationship with friction. We will be adding masses which will be calculated as resistance and efforts. To define a simple machine it is a device that will change the magnitude or direction of an applied force. Using a simple machine is said to be that the mechanical advantage will be affected and the actual mechanical advantage and its efficiency. If friction is present that will cause the effort of work being done to increase, then the AMA (actual mechanical advantage) will be less than the IMA ( Ideal mechanical advantage. To be able to find the AMA and the IMA we will be collecting height (Dr), Length (De), Resistance (Fr), and Effort (Fe). The outcome we are trying to see from the inclined plane experiment is bigger the angle the more efficient and for the pulley system experiment the more pulleys added the less efficiency it will have. After this experiment we should have a better understanding of simple machines properties and how they affect each other such as force, friction and the work being done. Data, Calculations, and Graphs Equations used were given in the lab manual and by the TA. AMA, IMA, Distance of effort (De), DIstance of resistance (Dr), Resistance (Fr), and Effort (Fe). AMA = Fr/ Fe IMA= De/ Dr Inclined plane Efficiency = AMA/IMA x 100% ( can't be over 100) Table below contains the data collected based on the angle given. Mass of cart = 100.3 g Resistance = mass of cart + 500g Angle Height Dr (cm) Length Dc (cm) Resistance Fr(g) Effort Fc (g) IMA AMA Efficiency %

15 12.2 47 600.3 195 3.85 3.07 79.96% 30 23.5 47 600.3 335 2 1.79 89.55% 45 33.2 47 600.3 463 1.42 1.29 91.3% Second table is data collected based on the pulley system. Pulley system Arrangement Resistance (g) Effort (g) Dc (cm) Dr (cm) IMA AMA Efficiency % 1 550 550 10.0 10.0 1 1 100% 2 550 270 10.0 4.5 2.22 2.04 91.8% 3 550 180 10.0 3 3.34 3.06 91.6% 4 550 200 10.0 3 3.34 2.75 82.3% Results, Error Analysis and Conclusion After completing the experiment, we determined the efficiency increased as the angle increased.There was a bigger difference from the first and second angle vs the second and third angle. In the graph we can tell that the efficiency for inclined planes gets higher and the efficiency for pulley systems decreases which has a reason behind it and it is the outcome we wanted. The possibility of errors can be made due to the flat surface in which the incline was on, and measurements may have been incorrect.Incorrect data could occur by miscalculating amount of effort needed to have the carriage move upward because of the possibility of adding to much since it was a consistent speed, vs slowly adding the weight. Random eros are an easy factor due to not trying the experiment multiple times. Friction in the pulley system and on the inclined plane can cause incorrect data because of the uneven surface from the wood. I think this experiment went in order and showed what was needed to understand the concept of the equations and about simple machines. References U.N.T. Physics Department|2022| Experiments in CollegePhysics I,[Lab manual]|; UNited States of America; University of North Texas Eagle Image Digital Print Centers

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