Lab 2 Kin 300 forces

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School

California State University, Long Beach *

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Course

300

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Part A 2 42 82 122162202242282322362402442482522562602642682722762802842 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 Walking vs Running Anterior-Posterior forces Walking Fx Running Fx Time (s) Force (N) 2 42 82 122162202242282322362402442482522562602642682722762802842 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Walking vs Running Medial-lateral forces Walking Fy Running Fy Time (s) Force (N)

2 42 82 122162202242282322362402442482522562602642682722762802842 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Walking vs Running Vertical forces Walking Fz Running Fz Time (s) Force (N) Differences in GRF Graphs: 1. Anterior Posterior Fx: o In walking, the Anterior Posterior Fx graph typically shows stable transition from a posterior force during heel down to an anterior force during push-off. While running, the graph has a shaft shift from braking to propulsive forces, and the propulsive phase tends to be more assertive and forceful compared to walking. 2. Medial Lateral Fy: o In walking, the Medial Lateral Fy component shows a relatively stable side-to- side motion during each step with relatively minor fluctuations. While running, the Medial Lateral Fy component may exhibit more pronounced variations due to the higher forces involved in each step, especially at higher speeds. 3. Vertical Fz: o In walking, the Vertical Fz graph typically displays an initial peak during heel strike and a second peak during push-off that are relatively moderate in magnitude. While running, the Vertical Fz graph exhibits an initial peak, indicating a higher impact force during landing, and the second peak during push- off is also significant, reflecting the greater vertical force needed for propulsion. Musculature Involved: 1. Walking: o During walking, muscles have a vital role in maintaining stability and generating forward motion.

o The quadriceps work eccentrically during initial contact to control knee flexion. o The calf muscles work eccentrically in midstance to control the ankle's dorsiflexion. o The gluteus maximus activates concentrically during push-off to extend the hip. 2. Running: o Running involves more forceful muscle actions due to the increased impact forces. o The quadriceps work eccentrically during the initial contact phase to absorb the shock. o The calf muscles work eccentrically during midstance to control ankle dorsiflexion. o During push-off, the calf muscles and gluteus maximus work concentrically to generate powerful propulsion. Part B 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Hai's squat Time (s) Force 1 (N) Latest: Force 2 Time Force (N)

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1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Max's squat Time (s) Lastest: Force 1 (N) Lastest: Force 2 (N) Force (N) Differences between my right and left leg: - Based on Hai's squat graph, it can be observed that there are not many differences between my right and left leg. The force exerted by his right leg is consistently higher a little bit than that of my left leg throughout the squat but not significant. - Comparing mine and Max's squat graphs, Max generally exerts higher force during the squat compared to me. This suggests that Max has greater overall strength or power in his lower body muscles compared to Hai. - The imbalances observed in Max’s squat graph, with his right leg exerting higher force, could be due to the result of muscle imbalances or differences in muscle activation between his legs. Additionally, differences in Max’s technique or form during the squat exercise was more slowly and consistency, which could also contribute to the variations in force exertion. Musculature involved in the movement: - During the squat movement, various muscles are involved in generating force and maintaining stability. The quadriceps, located in the front of the thigh, work eccentrically during the initial contact phase to control knee flexion. The calf muscles, including the soleus and gastrocnemius, also work eccentrically during midstance to control ankle dorsiflexion. Finally, during the push-off phase, the calf muscles and gluteus maximus work concentrically to generate powerful propulsion. Phases of muscle involvement

- In the squat movement, the quadriceps and calf muscles are primarily involved during the initial contact and midstance phases. They work eccentrically to control knee and ankle movements, respectively. During the push-off phase, the calf muscles and gluteus maximus work concentrically to generate force and extend the hip for propulsion. These muscles play crucial roles in maintaining stability and generating forward motion during the squat movement. Part C Internal Forces during Biceps Curl 1. Biceps Brachii: contracts concentrically during the curling phase to flex the elbow joint and lift the weight. 2. Brachialis: located underneath the biceps brachii, contracts concentrically to assist in elbow flexion and contribute to the lifting motion. 3. Brachioradialis: located on the forearm, contracts eccentrically to stabilize the forearm and assist in elbow flexion. 4. Deltoids: contract concentrically to lift the weight and contribute to the overall movement.

5. Forearm Muscles: Various muscles in the forearm, such as the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris, they contract isometrically to stabilize the wrist and assist in maintaining grip on the weight.

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