M4D1_Sollenberger

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Excelsior University *

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PHY 202

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Mechanical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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M4D1 – Sollenberger Describe the process of annealing raw metal or alloys, including the transformations that occur within the crystalline structure of the metal or alloy during this process. What physical properties of the metal are changed as a result of the annealing process? Compare the advantages and disadvantages of change in physical properties of a metal or alloy that goes through the annealing process. In addition to jewelry making (shown in the referenced video), what are some other applications that could benefit from material going through the annealing process? Class, Annealing is performed via a heat treatment in which the material is exposed to increased temperatures for a period and then slowly cooled. The timing of the annealing process needs to be correct to ensure that the gradient of temperature between the interior and exterior is not too great and that the cooling process is long enough to allow the transformations in the material to occur. By heating material there is migration of atoms in the crystal structure, which leads to a reduction in the dislocations and overall a change in ductility and hardness of the material (Callister, 2018). For the annealing process to occur the material must be heated past its recrystallization temperature, which is material dependent. Recrystallization is when deformed grains in the material are replaced by defect- free grain. The changes that occur during the annealing process yield a reduction in the materials yield and tensile strength. This as mentioned results in an increase in the ductility of the material. The disadvantage of this annealing process for materials is that it results in a lower strength material. As the average grain size increases during the annealing process the ductility continues to grow and the strengths continues to lower. Although it lowers strength the annealing process allows metal workers to generate materials that can be used in a variety of applications. Items such as metal sheet, plate, wire, or bar that need specific properties (Annealing to Increase, 2020). Annealing plays a major role in production of metals that’s serve a variety of functions, one interesting place I have seen annealing used is actual in dosimetry that is used to monitor dose to personnel that work at power plants. Thermoluminescence dosimeters can be re-used by performing annealing on the metal inside. A description “Annealing in TL dosimetry is usually a procedure of heating the detector to a higher temperature, to keep it at this temperature for a certain time, followed by a cooling to the room temperature1 . Heating and cooling rates are very important for this process, they influence the dosimeter characteristics of the material2 . Crystal defects which act as trapping centres can be precipitated in a certain area at low temperatures while at high temperature they are dissociated in the
material3 . Therefore using slow cooling defect aggregations can be obtained in the crystal, while rapid cooling results in a “frozen” high temperature equilibrium.” (The influence..). As you can see from reading this the process for re-using the dosimeters and for modifying the metal properties is the same. Heat at a controlled rate to a recrystallization temperature and allow to cool. References Annealing to Increase METAL Ductility. (2020, April 10). Retrieved March 29, 2021, from https://www.imetllc.com/training-article/annealing-increase-metal-ductility/#:~:text=During%20an %20anneal%2C%20metallurgical%20changes,ductility%2C%20enabling%20further%20cold%20working . Callister, W. D. (2018). Materials science and engineering: An introduction: Instructor evaluation copy. In Materials science and engineering: An Introduction: Instructor Evaluation copy (pp. 439-444). United States?: Wiley. The influence of heating rate on the response and ... (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2021, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31403121_The_Influence_of_Heating_Rate_on_the_Respon se_and_Trapping_Parameters_of_Alpha-Al2O3C
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