MEC511_Lab3
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Toronto Metropolitan University *
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Course
511
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
7
Uploaded by EarlGrasshopperPerson4
1
Course Title:
Fluids & Thermodynamics
Course Number:
MEC 511
Semester/Year:
Fall 2023
Instructor:
Dr. Jun Cao
Assignment/Lab Number:
3
Assignment/Lab Title:
Temperature Pressure Relationship
Submission Date:
Nov 3, 2023
Due Date:
Nov 3, 2023
LAST NAME
FIRST NAME
Student Number
Section
Signature
Table of Contents
Summary:
?
Introduction:
?
2
Apparatus
?
Procedure
?
Results
?
Discussion
?
Conclusion
?
Appendix
?
References
?
Summary
:
The purpose of the lab was to compare the given pressure and temperature of steam in an enclosed boiler.
Then we were tasked to observe the relationship between temperature and pressure. To generate steam for
the experiment, we activated the boiler's heating system, causing the water within the enclosed container
3
to reach its boiling point. As the temperature steadily rose, we employed a manometer to gauge the
pressure within the boiler. Using the manometer and the temperature sensor provided, we recorded
pressure-temperature data points in 0.5 bar increments. The experiment conclusively illustrated that in a
controlled, isolated system where steam undergoes a constant volume process, temperature rises
concurrently with increasing pressure.
Introduction:
The main goal of this lab experiment is to investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature
for steam undergoing a constant volume process and compare experimental results against reference
values.
Apparatus:
●
WL 204:
○
Drain Valve
○
Heater
○
Overflow
○
Temperature Sensor
○
Safety valve
○
Filler opening
○
Boiler with insulating jacket
○
Manometer
○
Master switch
○
Heater switch
○
Temperature gauge
Procedure:
1.
Measure the barometric pressure. Correct for local conditions (temperature, ambient pressure).
2.
Switch on the unit at the master switch (9).
3.
Switch on the heater at the heater switch (10) and heat up the boiler. The heater control is
4.
limited to a temperature of 200°C in order to prevent excess pressure build-up.
5.
Deaerating the Boiler: Heat up the boiler to 100 °C. Let the water cook for approx. 1 min. so that
the steam can pass through the open valve (3).
6.
Log the boiler pressure and temperature values in increments of approximately 0.5 bar (Table 1).
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7.
Compare your own measurements with the values from the literature.
8.
Shutting Down the Boiler: After the experiment switch off the unit at the master switch.
Disconnect the unit from the mains power. Leave the boiler to cool down.
Results:
Table 1 - Results
Atmospheric Pressure
Relative Pressure
Absolute Pressure
Temperature
29.03 in Hg
bar
bar
Deg.C
0.986 bar
0.5
1.486
110.3
1.0
1.986
118.8
1.5
2.486
125.9
2.0
2.986
132.1
2.5
3.486
137.4
3.0
3.986
142.5
4.0
4.986
150.4
5.0
5.986
158.0
6.0
6.986
164.0
7.0
7.986
169.8
8.0
8.986
174.4
9.0
9.986
179.2
10.0
10.986
183.3
11.0
11.986
187.1
12.0
12.986
190.9
13.0
13.986
194.3
14.0
14.986
197.5
b/w 14.5 and 15.0
15.486-15.986
200.0
5
Table 2 - Interpolation
Absolute
Pressure (bar)
Temperature
(
O
C)
Pressure Temperature
points used
Interpolated
temperature
(
O
C)
Percentage Error (e%)
1.486
110.3
P
1
(1.00 b, 99.63 °C)
P
2
(1.50 b, 111.4 °C)
111.0744
0.697
1.986
118.8
P
1
(1.50 b, 111.4 °C)
P
2
(2.00 b, 120.2 °C)
119.9536
0.9617
2.486
125.9
P
1
(2.00 b, 120.2 °C)
P
2
(2.50 b, 127.4 °C)
127.1984
0.9617
2.986
132.1
P
1
(2.50 b, 127.4 °C)
P
2
(3.00 b, 133.6 °C)
133.4264
0.9941
3.486
137.4
P
1
(3.00 b, 133.6 °C)
P
2
(3.50 b, 138.9 °C)
138.7516
0.9741
3.986
142.5
P
1
(3.50 b, 138.9 °C)
P
2
(4.00 b, 143.6 °C)
143.4684
0.6749
4.986
150.4
P
1
(4.50 b, 147.9 °C)
P
2
(5.00 b, 151.9 °C)
151.788
0.9144
5.986
158.0
P
1
(5.00 b, 151.9 °C)
P
2
(6.00 b, 158.9 °C)
157.9146
0.0540
6.986
164.0
P
1
(6.00 b, 158.9 °C)
P
2
(7.00 b, 165.0 °C)
164.9020
0.5469
7.986
169.8
P
1
(7.00 b, 165.0 °C)
P
2
(8.00 b, 170.4 °C)
170.3244
0.3078
8.986
174.4
P
1
(8.00 b, 170.4 °C)
P
2
(9.00 b, 175.4 °C)
175.33
0.5304
9.986
179.2
P
1
(9.00 b, 175.4 °C)
P
2
(10.0 b, 179.9 °C)
179.8370
0.3542
10.986
183.3
P
1
(10.0 b, 179.9 °C)
P
2
(15.0 b, 198.3 °C)
183.5385
0.1299
11.986
187.1
P
1
(10.0 b, 179.9 °C)
187.2085
0.0579
6
P
2
(15.0 b, 198.3 °C)
12.986
190.9
P
1
(10.0 b, 179.9 °C)
P
2
(15.0 b, 198.3 °C)
190.8884
0.00607
13.986
194.3
P
1
(10.0 b, 179.9 °C)
(15.0 b, 198.3 °C)
194.5684
0.1379
14.986
197.5
P
1
(10.0 b, 179.9 °C)
P
2
(15.0 b, 198.3 °C)
198.2484
0.3775
15.486-15.986
200.0
P
1
(15.0 b, 198.3 °C)
P
2
(20.0 b, 212.4 °C)
199.6705-
201.0852
0.1650-
0.5396
The average percentage error between the data for recorded temperature vs expected temperature
is 0.494%. The reason for the discrepancies in the data could be due to external factors such as the heat
loss from the boiler as well as wear from the equipment. They could also be partially due to human error
during the measuring process and rounding errors. Since Table A-3 already includes values that may not
result from the same kind of experiment as done in this lab, this may also be a source of error as the
values may be different when measured using different experiments. Finally, the steam temperature values
were calculated using interpolation and not directly, which may have also caused discrepancies.
Conclusion:
In this experiment, the pressure and temperature values of the steam in a boiler vessel were
measured. These values were compared to the corresponding values found in data table A-3 and the data
sets of the theoretical and experimental pressure values were plotted on a graph for comparison. The
resulting graph showed the results to be almost identical with the average error percentage of the pressure
values being 0.494%.
Appendices:
P
abs
= P
atm
+P
R
Where P
atm
= 0.986bar
Ratio r =
𝑃
???
− 𝑃
1
𝑃
2
− 𝑃
1
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7
T* =
(1 − ?) × 𝑇
1
+ ? × 𝑇
2
Percentage error =
100 ×
𝑇−𝑇
*
𝑇
*
Note: When comparing our measured steam temperatures with the experimental steam temperatures from
the table, we found them to be relatively exact with no trace of any discrepancies.
References:
1.
D. F. Young, T. H. Okiishi, J. I. Hochstein, A. L. Gerhart, and B. R. Munson,
Young, Munson and
Okiishi's a brief introduction to Fluid Mechanics
. Wiley, 2021.
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