BIOS255 Lab Week4
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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *
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255
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Mechanical Engineering
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Feb 20, 2024
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Paola Rodriguez
BIOS255 Week 4 Lymphatic System
Learning Objectives:
State the components and functions of the lymphatic system
Trace lymphatic drainage through the major vessels of the lymphatic system.
Identify the mechanisms that cause movement of lymph through the lymph vessels.
Introduction:
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, and lymphatic organs located throughout the tissues of the body. It functions to drain excess interstitial fluid from the tissues, to initiate an immune response against disease by producing and transporting lymphocytes, and to transport dietary lipids absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract into the blood. Lymphatic capillaries extend throughout the tissues of the body among blood capillary beds. Interstitial fluid, similar in composition to
blood plasma, leaches from the blood capillaries into the surrounding tissue, bathing the
cells and supplying each one with nutrients, oxygen, and water while also removing waste, carbon dioxide, and water. Around 30 liters of fluid enter the arteriolar end of capillaries every day, but only 27 liters return to the venous capillaries. The lymphatic system collects the missing 3 liters from the interstitial space and returns it to the venous system. Let’s explore this system that can be found in so many different places and perform multiple roles!
Assignment
Part 1:
Complete the activities on Anatomy.TV for the Lymphatic System and Immunity:
Introduction, Vessels and Circulation, Organs and Tissues.
To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A-
Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Lymphatic system and Immunity>choose assigned sections
You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This
will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section.
As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data.
Part 2:
Complete the lab report.
Lymphatic System Lab Report
1.
List the 4 components of the lymphatic system described in the introduction. (1 point; 1/4 point each)
Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, and lymphatic organs.
2.
List 3 functions of the lymphatic system. (1.5 points total; 1/2 point each)
defending your body from pathogens, keeping body fluids balanced, and eliminating cellular waste.
3.
List 3 secondary organs of the lymphatic system. (1.5 points; ½ point each)
Spleen lymph nodes, and diffuse lymphatic tissue
4.
List the 3 tonsils
and
indicate their locations. (3 points)
1. Palatine tonsil- posterior region of oral cavity between the glossopalatine and haryngopalatine
2. Pharyngeal Tonsil – posterior wall of the nasopharynx
3. Lingual Tonsil- posterior surface of tongue
5.
Identify structures in the following image from the Vessels and Circulation tab: you will need to click on “Lymphatic Capillaries” (1/2 point each; 2.5 points total)
A. Arteriole
B. Lymphatic capillary
C. Anchor filaments
D. Lymphatic capillary pore
E. Lymphatic vessel cell
6.
Describe 2 ways in which the intestines play a role in the lymphatic system. (1 point)
1-
Fats that are too large to be absorbed by blood capillaries are transported into venous circulation by lymphatic vessels in the small intestine known as lacteals.
2-
The GALT (gut assisted lymphoid tissue) system protects the body from ingested pathogens. Found in the large and small intestines.
7.
Describe the structure
and
function of the thoracic duct. (1 point)
This structure, which measures between 38 and 45 cm in length, creates the biggest confluence of lymph veins in the body. Both the lower right and left sides of the body provide it with lymph. originating from the Cisterna When the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein converge, the cheli ascends the thorax to the left of the spinal column, unites with the neck vessels, and empties into the left subclavian vein.
E
D
C
B
A
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8.
What are the 2 mechanisms that allow movement of lymph through the lymph vessels? (1 point; ½ point each)
Skeletal muscle pump which allows blood to be returned to the heart from the lower
body and Respiratory Pump as the thoracic pressure decreases with inhalation which aids the return of fluid to the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
9.
If someone has their spleen removed surgically what could be the clinical consequence? (1 point)
Increased risks of infections.
10.
Describe how the skeletal system plays an important role in the lymphatic system. (1.5) point)
The skeletal system functions as a unit to aid in bodily circulation. The skeletal, cardiac, and lymphatic systems all aid in moving nutrients to where they are needed and removing any germs that may be present.
Grading Rubric for Lab Report
Activity
Deliverable
Points
Part 1
Complete lab activities
15
Part 2
Complete lab report
15
Total
Complete all lab activities
30
Related Questions
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To learn to apply the method of joints to a truss in a systematic way and thereby find the loading in each member of the truss.
In analyzing or designing trusses, it is necessary to determine the force in each member of the truss. One way to do this is the
method of joints. The method of joints is based on the fact that if the entire truss is in equilibrium, each joint in the truss must also be
in equilibrium (i.e., the free-body diagram of each joint must be balanced).
Consider the truss shown in the diagram. The applied forces are P₁ = 630 lb and P₂ = 410 lb and the distance is d = 8.50 ft.
Figure 1)
1 of 1
A
E
30°
d
B
D
P₁
30°
d
C
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Express your answers in newtons to three significant figures. Enter negative value in the case of compression and positive value in the case of tension.
Enter your answers separated by a comma.
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A column with a wide-flange section has a flange width b = 200 mm , height h = 200 mm, web thickness tw = 8 mm , and flange
thickness tf = 12 mm (Figure 1). Calculate the stresses at a point 75 mm above the neutral axis if the section supports a tensile
To calculate the normal and shear stresses at a point
on the cross section of a column.
normal force N = 2.9 kN at the centroid, shear force V = 4.6 kN, and bending moment M = 4.8 kN • m as shown (Figure 2).
The state of stress at a point is a description of the
normal and shear stresses at that point. The normal
stresses are generally due to both internal normal
force and internal bending moment. The net result can
be obtained using the principle of superposition as
long as the deflections remain small and the response
is elastic.
Part A - Normal stress
Calculate the normal stress at the point due to the internal normal force on the section.
Express your answer with appropriate units to three significant figures.
> View…
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Learning Goal:
To calculate the normal and shear stresses at a point on the cross
section of a column.
A column with a wide-flange section has a flange width b = 250 mm , height k = 250 mm , web thickness to = 9 mm , and flange thickness t; = 14 mm (Figure 1).
Calculate the stresses at a point 65 mm above the neutral axis if the section supports a tensile normal force N = 2 kN at the centroid, shear force V = 5.8 kN , and
bending moment M = 3 kN - m as shown (Figure 2).
The state of stress at a point is a description of the normal and shear
stresses at that point. The normal stresses are generally due to both
internal normal force and internal bending moment. The net result can
be obtained using the principle of superposition as long as the
deflections remain small and the response is elastic.
Part A- Normal stress
Calculate the normal stress at the point due to the internal normal force on the section.
Express your answer with appropriate units to three significant figures.
• View…
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Learning Goal:
To develop the ability to break a frame or machine down
into subsystems and to determine the forces developed
at internal pin connections.
Frames and machines are systems of pin-connected,
multiforce members. Frames are designed to support
loads, whereas machines are designed to transmit or
alter the effects of loads.For
or machine to be in
equilibrium, each member of the frame or machine
system must be in equilibrium. Free-body diagrams of
the overall system, as well as individual members,
groups of members, and subsystems, must be drawn.
Figure
*
B
b
30°
26
E
a-
30°
K
<
H
b
4 of 4
Submit
Previous Answers
Correct
Note that the internal reactions at B are not included in the free-body diagram of the subsystem ABC.
▼ Part D A tractor shovel
-
The tractor shovel shown (Figure 4) carries a 540 kg load that has its center of mass at H. The shovel's dimensions
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that the…
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Part C
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Use the two loadings below and the principle of superposition to answer the following questions.
To use the method of superposition to calculate a beam deflection and slope.
For beams with small deflections, the assumptions for using the method of superposition
apply: the deflections and slopes are linearly related to the load, and the deflections do not
significantly change the original geometry of the beam.
Load
The deflections and slopes for beams subjected to multiple loads can then be found using
linear combinations
known results for individual loads.
-(--4)
-5w L
384EI
-5wz Lª
768EI
-w L
-3wz L"
24EI
128EI
w L
24EI
7wz L"
384EI
OR
Part A - Determine the load combination
A beam is subjected to the loading shown (Figure 1) where wa = 2 kN/m and w, = 2.5 kN/m. Describe the loading as a linear combination of the loads in the above table.
Express your answers in kN/m.
• View Available Hint(s)
VOAEO If vec
?
Figure
w1, w2= |2.4, –.7
kN/m
Submit
Previous Answers
X…
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Help!!! Please answer all Correctly!!! Please
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(conservation of energy...) will be automatically considered false.
For the problem related to Fundamental.8 sketches of the system showing:
the respective velocity and acceleration and the frame of reference considered
. the forces acting on the system of considered, in other words, a free body diagram (FBD)
are mandatory. Their absences will automatically make the problem false.
A force P is applied at an angle 0 =53 to a 889-kg cart. The kinetic friction coefficient on wheels is 0.
P
.
B
0.4 m
0.3 m
Go
B
-0.2 m
0.3 m
0.08 m
The acceleration of the cart is 1.6 m.s^².
1. What is the magnitude of the force P (answer on your hand-written work and in the cell below)?
2. What are the reaction at A and B?
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To use transformation equations to calculate the plane state of stress in a rotated coordinate system.
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In order to use the transformation equations, a sign convention must be chosen for the normal stresses, shear
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positive Try acts in the positive y-direction on the face whose outward normal is in the positive x-direction. The
positive direction for the rotation is also shown in the second figure.
The stresses in the rotated coordinate system are given by the following equations:
στ
σy
+
cos 20+Try sin 20
2
2
σετ συ
=
σy'
cos 20-Try…
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- Learning Goal: To learn to apply the method of joints to a truss in a systematic way and thereby find the loading in each member of the truss. In analyzing or designing trusses, it is necessary to determine the force in each member of the truss. One way to do this is the method of joints. The method of joints is based on the fact that if the entire truss is in equilibrium, each joint in the truss must also be in equilibrium (i.e., the free-body diagram of each joint must be balanced). Consider the truss shown in the diagram. The applied forces are P₁ = 630 lb and P₂ = 410 lb and the distance is d = 8.50 ft. Figure 1) 1 of 1 A E 30° d B D P₁ 30° d Carrow_forwardHaving found FcD in the analysis of joint C, there are now only two unknown forces acting on joint D. Determine the two unknown forces on joint D. Express your answers in newtons to three significant figures. Enter negative value in the case of compression and positive value in the case of tension. Enter your answers separated by a comma.arrow_forwardHelp!!! Please solve the valuearrow_forward
- Learning Goal: A column with a wide-flange section has a flange width b = 200 mm , height h = 200 mm, web thickness tw = 8 mm , and flange thickness tf = 12 mm (Figure 1). Calculate the stresses at a point 75 mm above the neutral axis if the section supports a tensile To calculate the normal and shear stresses at a point on the cross section of a column. normal force N = 2.9 kN at the centroid, shear force V = 4.6 kN, and bending moment M = 4.8 kN • m as shown (Figure 2). The state of stress at a point is a description of the normal and shear stresses at that point. The normal stresses are generally due to both internal normal force and internal bending moment. The net result can be obtained using the principle of superposition as long as the deflections remain small and the response is elastic. Part A - Normal stress Calculate the normal stress at the point due to the internal normal force on the section. Express your answer with appropriate units to three significant figures. > View…arrow_forwardLearning Goal: To calculate the normal and shear stresses at a point on the cross section of a column. A column with a wide-flange section has a flange width b = 250 mm , height k = 250 mm , web thickness to = 9 mm , and flange thickness t; = 14 mm (Figure 1). Calculate the stresses at a point 65 mm above the neutral axis if the section supports a tensile normal force N = 2 kN at the centroid, shear force V = 5.8 kN , and bending moment M = 3 kN - m as shown (Figure 2). The state of stress at a point is a description of the normal and shear stresses at that point. The normal stresses are generally due to both internal normal force and internal bending moment. The net result can be obtained using the principle of superposition as long as the deflections remain small and the response is elastic. Part A- Normal stress Calculate the normal stress at the point due to the internal normal force on the section. Express your answer with appropriate units to three significant figures. • View…arrow_forwardLearning Goal: To develop the ability to break a frame or machine down into subsystems and to determine the forces developed at internal pin connections. Frames and machines are systems of pin-connected, multiforce members. Frames are designed to support loads, whereas machines are designed to transmit or alter the effects of loads.For or machine to be in equilibrium, each member of the frame or machine system must be in equilibrium. Free-body diagrams of the overall system, as well as individual members, groups of members, and subsystems, must be drawn. Figure * B b 30° 26 E a- 30° K < H b 4 of 4 Submit Previous Answers Correct Note that the internal reactions at B are not included in the free-body diagram of the subsystem ABC. ▼ Part D A tractor shovel - The tractor shovel shown (Figure 4) carries a 540 kg load that has its center of mass at H. The shovel's dimensions are: a = 55.0 mm, b = 220 mm, c = 330 mm, d = 110 mm, and e = 385 mm. Find the reaction force at E. Assume that the…arrow_forward
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