BIOS255 Lab Week7
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Chamberlain University College of Nursing *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
255
Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
5
Uploaded by HighnessMorning11005
Paola Rodriguez
BIOS255
Week 7 Respiratory System-Physiology Learning objectives:
Explain physiologic adaptations of the cardiorespiratory system of seals to deep diving.
Point out differences between seal and human physiology related to deep dives.
Evaluate respiratory and cardiac function.
Measure oxygen consumption and calculate the total amount of oxygen needed for dives
of various durations and compare to estimated stores in the lungs, blood and tissues.
Introduction:
Active cells require a constant supply of oxygen in order to produce energy to carry out cellular processes and release carbon dioxide as a waste product. The body must replenish this supply of oxygen and remove the build-up of carbon dioxide, as it is toxic to cells in high concentrations.
Our respiratory rate, or the number of breaths we take per minute, and the depth at which we respire with each breath is controlled by the respiratory center, located in the brainstem. It ensures that our respiratory effort matches the metabolic demands of our body.
In this lab you will head to a research lab in Antarctica to learn how seals have adapted to perform long, deep dives. How Weddell seals can dive up to 600 meters for 30 minutes is a bit of a mystery. In this simulation you will learn about oxygen stores, aerobic dive limit, aerobic and partially anaerobic ATP generation, and special cardio-
respiratory adaptations that allow seals to perform deep, long dives that would be impossible for humans without scuba diving equipment. This will be a fun way to learn more about human cardiorespiratory physiology as well. Humans and seals have different amounts of oxygen available to them and store it at different proportions in lungs, blood, and muscle. Do seals and humans have the same factorial increase in oxygen consumption? Monitor 3 dives and collect data on oxygen and lactate to find out!
Assignment:
Part 1:
Complete Labster “Cardio-respiratory Physiology: How can seals dive so deep for so long?”
As you complete the lab, have the lab report ready to record data. The theory section of the lab is a useful resource.
Part 2: Complete the lab report.
Respiratory Physiology Lab Report
1.
Compare the diving depths and oxygen stores
and aerobic dive limits
: (5 points)
Weddell seal
Human
Diving depth
600 meters
40 meters
mL O
2
in lungs
1200
900
mL O
2
in blood
21950
1005
mL O
2
in muscle
9005
188
Total mL O
2
in stores before dive
32155
2093
% of Oxygen in
blood
71%
59%
% of Oxygen in
muscle
25%
16%
% of Oxygen in
lungs
4%
25%
Aerobic dive limit (mins)
Predicted
if have the same factorial increase in oxygen usage as humans: 10.2
Actual:
23.8
1.4
2.
a. What is the main difference between seals and humans regarding oxygen stores? (1 point)
Seals store approximately three times the amount of oxygen per kilogram of body mass compared to humans. They store more oxygen in the blood and less in the lungs compared to humans.
b. Where is the greatest proportion of oxygen stored in humans? (1 point)
In the blood
3.
Do seals show approximately the same factorial increase in oxygen consumption as humans during diving? (1 point)
Seals demonstrate a significantly lower rate of increase in oxygen consumption than humans, approximately 10 minutes compared to 1:24 minutes for humans.
4.
How did the rate of oxygen consumption during diving change between a seal diving for 12 mins vs diving for 30 mins? (1 point)
5.
Seals used approximately the same or a 6.
little less O2 per min for the 30 min dive
7.
Seals used approximately the same or a
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
8.
little less O2 per min for the 30 min dive
Seals used approximately the same or a little less O2 per min for the 30 minute dive.
5.
Explain why some lactate accumulated in the 30 min dive vs none in the 12 min dive. (2 points)
It indicated that seals are using anaerobic metabolism when they dive.
6.
How does the seal’s heart respond to diving? (1 point)
It decreases.
7.
What do the heart rate and consumption rate patterns suggest about seal diving? (1 point)
The suppression of heart rate may help reduce the energy cost of diving.
8.
You’ve learned so much about the physiology of diving, and major adaptations of seals that enhance their oxygen storage capacity and ability to dive. Which of the following is an INCORRECT
statement regarding seal adaptations? (1 point)
a.
Seals have larger lungs than humans per body mass
b.
Seals have a higher content of hemoglobin and larger blood volume than humans
c.
Seals have a higher content of myoglobin in the muscle relative to humans.
d.
Seals have smaller lungs than humans per body mass.
9.
How does the respiratory system complement the circulatory system? (1 point)
The respiratory system is responsible for supplying the body with oxygen in addition to its circulatory system. Oxygen-rich blood is circulated through the bloodstream through the respiratory system.
Grading Rubric for Lab Report
Activity
Deliverable
Points
Part 1
Complete Labster
15
Part 2
Complete lab report 15
Total
Complete all lab activities
30
Related Documents
Related Questions
Analysis and Interpretation of vertical Ground Reaction Forces. In this study, a volunteer was asked to walk on two force platforms under two different conditions. Condition 1- Normal Walk (NW), condition 2 - walking over an obstacle (OW). The right limb was the one to step on platform 1 in both conditions. The force platforms were used to measure the vertical ground reaction forces on the right limb. Data was collected on Vicon (Nexus) software and the attached graphs ( mean NW/OW, Mean (+-)1SD NW/OW) were created. Analyse and Interpret the graphs attached.
arrow_forward
After creating a decision matrix for two types of materials used to design a safety belt, an engineer assigns a weight of 4 to nylon for thickness and a weight of 5 to polyester for thickness. The engineer also assigns a weight of 4 to nylon for strength and a weight of 3 to polyester for strength. Polyester is more expensive than nylon. Describe which material would be preferable to use for the safety belt, if cost is prioritized as a criterion
arrow_forward
F(t)
Force_Crate
Known values:
Mass of Block
68 kg
TT
Hs μk
0
0.63 0.53 26°
Problem Statement:
A crate is initially at rest on a sloped surface, when a force is applied: F(t)
where t is in seconds.
Answers:
When t=44.47 seconds, the crate has not yet started moving.
Find the magnitude of the friction force at that time:
317.771 N
The direction of the friction force at that time is: down the slope
Find the time required for the crate to start moving:
Find the crate's speed when t=174.9 s: 9.485 m/s
Be sure to include units with your answers.
169.756 S
240+0.2 N,
arrow_forward
How may acoustic designers alter the design of a room, which was previously used for music performances, into a room now to be used for spoken word performances? Use annotated diagrams for your response
arrow_forward
Help!!! Please answer all Correctly!!! Please
arrow_forward
16.39 A full load test on a two-stroke engine yielded the following results:
speed 440 rpm; brake load 50 kg; imep 3 bar; fuel consumption 5.4
kg/h; rise in jacket water temperature 36 °C; jacket water flow 440
kg/h; air-fuel ratio by mass 30; temperature of exhaust gas 350 °C;
temperature of the test room 17 °C; barometric pressure 76 cm of Hg;
cylinder diameter 22 cm; stroke 25 cm; brake diameter 1.2 m; calorific
value of fuel is 43 MJ/kg; proportion of hydrogen by mass in the fuel
15%; R 0.287 kJ/kg of mean specific heat of dry exhaust gases =
1 kJ/kg K; specific heat of dry steam 2 kJ/kg K. Assume enthalpy of
super heated steam to be 3180 kJ/kg. Determine,
(i) the indicated thermal efficiency
(ii) the specific fuel consumption in g/kW h
(iii) volumetric efficiency based on atmospheric conditions
Draw up a heat balance for the test on the percentage basis indicating
the content of each item in the balance.
arrow_forward
Problem 1
Learning Goal:
To be able to find the center of gravity, the center of mass, and the centroid of a
composite body.
A centroid is an object's geometric center. For an object of uniform composition,
its centroid is also its center of mass. Often the centroid of a complex composite
body is found by, first, cutting the body into regular shaped segments, and then
by calculating the weighted average of the segments' centroids.
Figure
←d→
x
Part A
IVE ΑΣΦ | 4
T, 1.610,0.5075
Submit
An object is made from a uniform piece of sheet metal. The object has dimensions of a = 1.20 ft ,b= 3.74 ft, and c = 2.45 ft. A hole with diameter d = 0.600 ft is centered at (1.00, 0.600).
Find z, y, the coordinates of the body's centroid. (Figure 1)
Express your answers numerically in feet to three significant figures separated by a comma.
▸ View Available Hint(s)
Previous Answers
Provide Feedback
vec •
* Incorrect; Try Again; 4 attempts remaining
?
1 of 5
ft
Review
>
Next >
Activate Windows
Go to…
arrow_forward
Help!!! Please answer all Correctly!!! Please
arrow_forward
Help!!! Please answer part b correctly like part A. Please!!!!
arrow_forward
Learning Goal:
To calculate minor head losses and pressure drops
for pipe fittings.
Minor losses in pipe flow are the result of
disruptions to the steady laminar or turblent flow in
a pipe by entrances, bends, transitions, valves or
other fittings. In general, calculating these losses
analytically is too complex. However, all of these
losses can be modeled using terms of the form
h = KL where Kr, is called the loss
coefficient and is determined experimentally. This
coefficient relates the minor head loss to the
velocity head for the flow. For expansions and
contractions, the loss coefficient is calculated using
nine
the velocity for the smaller diameter pipe.
The table below gives some representative values
for various minor head losses. These are
representative only, and a more complete table
would account for different kinds of fittings and
connections (like threaded or soldered).
Fitting
Well-rounded entrance
≥0.15
Flush entrance
Re-entrant pipe
Discharge pipe
Sudden contraction (d₂…
arrow_forward
ECO
5. AUTOMOTIVE. The power an
engine produces is called
horsepower. In mathematical
terms, one horsepower is the
power needed to move 550
pounds one foot in one
second, or the power needed
to move 33,000 pounds one
foot in one minute. Power, in
physics, is defined simply as
the rate of doing work. The
formula below gives the
horsepower at 5,252 radians
per second.
https://philkotse.com/toyota-corona-ior-sale-in-baguio/1991-for-sale-in-aid7017151
625T
1313
where H is the horsepower and T is the torque
a. Find the inverse of the model.
b. If a taxi produces a horsepower of 200, what is the torque it generates?
Solve here:
arrow_forward
1.
arrow_forward
I just started using Skyciv to learn about bridge design. I want to know the forces in each member, and where is evidenced tension and compression.
arrow_forward
QUESTION 7
A model tow-tank test is conducted on a bare hull model at the model design
speed in calm water. Determine the effective horsepower (hp) for the ship,
including appendage and air resistances. The following parameters apply to the
ship and model:
Ship
1,100
Model
Length (ft)
Hull Wetted Surface Area (ft2)
Speed (knots)
30
250,000
15
Freshwater
Water
Seawater 50°F
70°F
Projected Transverse Area (ft²)
Cair
7,500
0.875
Appendage Resistance (% of bare hull)
10%
Hull Resistance (Ibf)
20
arrow_forward
Science 24: Module 4
Section 4 Assignment: The Technology of Safety
For questions1 and 2, read each question carefully, Decide which of the choices BEST
completes the statement. Place your answer in the blank space given.
23
1. Safety features in a vehicle work to reduce forces in a collision by
A. lengthening the time in which changes in momentum occur
B. decreasing the time in which changes in momentum occur
C. decreasing the time of the impulse
D. increasing the change in momentum
2. Road safety features, such as crash cushions and modern guardrails,
reduce the force of a collision by
A. increasing the impulse
B. decreasing the impulse
C. increasing the time over which the impulse occurs
D. decreasing the time over which the impulse occurs
3. Safety engineers use
people in a collision.
to see what will happen to
4. Decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F). Place your
answer in the blank space provided.
a. Restraining features operate continuously…
arrow_forward
Pressurized eyes Our eyes need a certain amount of internal pressure in order to work properly, with the normal range being between 10 and 20 mm of mercury. The pressure is determined by a balance between the fluid entering and leaving the eye. If the pressure is above the normal level, damage may occur to the optic nerve where it leaves the eye, leading to a loss of the visual field termed glaucoma. Measurement of the pressure within the eye can be done by several different noninvasive types of instruments, all of which measure the slight deformation of the eyeball when a force is put on it. Some methods use a physical probe that makes contact with the front of the eye, applies a known force, and measures the deformation. One non-contact method uses a calibrated “puff” of air that is blown against the eye. The stagnation pressure resulting from the air blowing against the eyeball causes a slight deformation, the magnitude of which is correlated with the pressure within the eyeball.…
arrow_forward
Part 2
Set up a spreadsheet solution to this problem. This will require that you derive one
formula to express the relationship between the friction coefficient, the spring constant,
and the spring compression; and a second formula to find the cost of using different slide
and spring types. Set up your spreadsheet as shown below. You can fill in the
"Acceptable?" column manually, rather than using a formula. Turn in a copy of your
spreadsheet/Matlab work
(solve for $)
Friction Spring Constant Spring Compression
M
k
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
50
100
150
50
100
150
4
Part 3
Your boss has decided to look at a second option. The spring mechanism will be
replaced by a drop box. After leaving the slide, the blocks will travel 5 horizontal feet
through the air and pass through a hole into the drop box. Using the slide you selected
above, determine how far below the slide (h) to place the hole in the drop box.
Yo = 5.2017/5
BLADE
2
RAMPE SLIDE
8⁰
SLIDE
Acceptable?
(Yes or No)
$'
Cost
51
In
DROP…
arrow_forward
The free body diagram must be drawn , its mandatory.
Don't use chatgpt
arrow_forward
A hotel chain based in the United States contracts with a European vacuum cleaner manufacturer to supply a large number of upright
cleaner units. After delivery, the hotel raises questions about manufacturer vacuum cleaner performance claims, pointing out that the
units should have been tested to meet ASTM 558, an American standard. The manufacturer notes the advertised performance is based
on IEC 60312, a European standard, and the two test codes will yield similar, if not exact, results. Investigate both test codes and
address similarities and differences. Is there a legitimate claim here?
arrow_forward
Answer Q1 and Q2 (thermofluids)
arrow_forward
need correct ans or leave
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you

Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781305387102
Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- Analysis and Interpretation of vertical Ground Reaction Forces. In this study, a volunteer was asked to walk on two force platforms under two different conditions. Condition 1- Normal Walk (NW), condition 2 - walking over an obstacle (OW). The right limb was the one to step on platform 1 in both conditions. The force platforms were used to measure the vertical ground reaction forces on the right limb. Data was collected on Vicon (Nexus) software and the attached graphs ( mean NW/OW, Mean (+-)1SD NW/OW) were created. Analyse and Interpret the graphs attached.arrow_forwardAfter creating a decision matrix for two types of materials used to design a safety belt, an engineer assigns a weight of 4 to nylon for thickness and a weight of 5 to polyester for thickness. The engineer also assigns a weight of 4 to nylon for strength and a weight of 3 to polyester for strength. Polyester is more expensive than nylon. Describe which material would be preferable to use for the safety belt, if cost is prioritized as a criterionarrow_forwardF(t) Force_Crate Known values: Mass of Block 68 kg TT Hs μk 0 0.63 0.53 26° Problem Statement: A crate is initially at rest on a sloped surface, when a force is applied: F(t) where t is in seconds. Answers: When t=44.47 seconds, the crate has not yet started moving. Find the magnitude of the friction force at that time: 317.771 N The direction of the friction force at that time is: down the slope Find the time required for the crate to start moving: Find the crate's speed when t=174.9 s: 9.485 m/s Be sure to include units with your answers. 169.756 S 240+0.2 N,arrow_forward
- How may acoustic designers alter the design of a room, which was previously used for music performances, into a room now to be used for spoken word performances? Use annotated diagrams for your responsearrow_forwardHelp!!! Please answer all Correctly!!! Pleasearrow_forward16.39 A full load test on a two-stroke engine yielded the following results: speed 440 rpm; brake load 50 kg; imep 3 bar; fuel consumption 5.4 kg/h; rise in jacket water temperature 36 °C; jacket water flow 440 kg/h; air-fuel ratio by mass 30; temperature of exhaust gas 350 °C; temperature of the test room 17 °C; barometric pressure 76 cm of Hg; cylinder diameter 22 cm; stroke 25 cm; brake diameter 1.2 m; calorific value of fuel is 43 MJ/kg; proportion of hydrogen by mass in the fuel 15%; R 0.287 kJ/kg of mean specific heat of dry exhaust gases = 1 kJ/kg K; specific heat of dry steam 2 kJ/kg K. Assume enthalpy of super heated steam to be 3180 kJ/kg. Determine, (i) the indicated thermal efficiency (ii) the specific fuel consumption in g/kW h (iii) volumetric efficiency based on atmospheric conditions Draw up a heat balance for the test on the percentage basis indicating the content of each item in the balance.arrow_forward
- Problem 1 Learning Goal: To be able to find the center of gravity, the center of mass, and the centroid of a composite body. A centroid is an object's geometric center. For an object of uniform composition, its centroid is also its center of mass. Often the centroid of a complex composite body is found by, first, cutting the body into regular shaped segments, and then by calculating the weighted average of the segments' centroids. Figure ←d→ x Part A IVE ΑΣΦ | 4 T, 1.610,0.5075 Submit An object is made from a uniform piece of sheet metal. The object has dimensions of a = 1.20 ft ,b= 3.74 ft, and c = 2.45 ft. A hole with diameter d = 0.600 ft is centered at (1.00, 0.600). Find z, y, the coordinates of the body's centroid. (Figure 1) Express your answers numerically in feet to three significant figures separated by a comma. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Previous Answers Provide Feedback vec • * Incorrect; Try Again; 4 attempts remaining ? 1 of 5 ft Review > Next > Activate Windows Go to…arrow_forwardHelp!!! Please answer all Correctly!!! Pleasearrow_forwardHelp!!! Please answer part b correctly like part A. Please!!!!arrow_forward
- Learning Goal: To calculate minor head losses and pressure drops for pipe fittings. Minor losses in pipe flow are the result of disruptions to the steady laminar or turblent flow in a pipe by entrances, bends, transitions, valves or other fittings. In general, calculating these losses analytically is too complex. However, all of these losses can be modeled using terms of the form h = KL where Kr, is called the loss coefficient and is determined experimentally. This coefficient relates the minor head loss to the velocity head for the flow. For expansions and contractions, the loss coefficient is calculated using nine the velocity for the smaller diameter pipe. The table below gives some representative values for various minor head losses. These are representative only, and a more complete table would account for different kinds of fittings and connections (like threaded or soldered). Fitting Well-rounded entrance ≥0.15 Flush entrance Re-entrant pipe Discharge pipe Sudden contraction (d₂…arrow_forwardECO 5. AUTOMOTIVE. The power an engine produces is called horsepower. In mathematical terms, one horsepower is the power needed to move 550 pounds one foot in one second, or the power needed to move 33,000 pounds one foot in one minute. Power, in physics, is defined simply as the rate of doing work. The formula below gives the horsepower at 5,252 radians per second. https://philkotse.com/toyota-corona-ior-sale-in-baguio/1991-for-sale-in-aid7017151 625T 1313 where H is the horsepower and T is the torque a. Find the inverse of the model. b. If a taxi produces a horsepower of 200, what is the torque it generates? Solve here:arrow_forward1.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning

Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781305387102
Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning