BIOS256 Lab Week 2

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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256

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Mechanical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOS256 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Paola Rodriguez OL Lab 2: Intestinal Glucose Transport: Study a mouse intestine model to diagnose an infant Learning Objectives:  Understand the epithelial model for how glucose is transported across the mammalian small intestine  Perform a glucose assay method  Use an animal model to study the transport of materials across the intestine  Describe the effect of sodium-potassium ATPase blocker on glucose transport by the small intestine  Explain the effect of manipulations of mucosal concentrations of glucose and sodium on glucose intestinal transport  Interpret physiological data and apply to clinical cases In this simulation, you will learn how glucose absorption occurs in the intestine. You will help treat an infant who has trouble gaining weight. She is experiencing diarrhea, with elevated blood sodium concentration and glucose in her feces and urine. Dr. Shaw, your supervisor, suspects this could be related to the poor glucose absorption. You will use a piece of mouse intestine as your model to study intestinal glucose transport and see how your findings can be used to diagnose human diseases. Study glucose transport by measuring its concentration: After clearing out the impurities from the everted intestinal piece, you will expose both the inner (mucosal) and outer (serosal) sides to glucose solutions of different concentrations, a sodium- potassium ATPase blocker, and a sodium-free saline solution. After these treatments, you will measure the glucose levels on both sides, and analyze your data to understand the active glucose transport through the intestinal epithelium. Also, a step- by-step interactive summary diagram will help you visualize what happens to all the molecules and transporters involved. Will your findings be able to help make the infant well again? Part 1: Complete Labster- Intestinal Glucose Transport: Study a mouse intestine model to diagnose an infant

BIOS256 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Paola Rodriguez Part 2: Report and Reflection Purpose: Describe in your own words and in complete sentences, the purpose of this experiment. This laboratory exercise seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the Na+-Glucose-Coupled Transport (NGT) system by utilizing the Mouse Jejunal Epithelium as a model organism. The objective of the study is to treat a child who is exhibiting diarrhea and is not increasing in weight. Additionally, the child has high levels of sodium and glucose in their feces and urine. The author, Dr. Shaw, hypothesizes that the child's diarrhea is due to a deficiency in glucose absorption. Observations: List 2 observations you have made in this simulation. During this simulation, we noticed that epithelial glucose moves between the mucosa and the serosa, and that the transporters aren't just blocked by blockers - sometimes genetic mutations play a part too. Answer all the questions below: 1. How does sodium regulate the uptake of glucose into enterocytes? (3 points) Sodium controls the uptake of glucose into enterocytes. In contrast, glucose is digested in the enterocytes by a sodium glucose transporter (SGLUT) which secrete 2Na+ along with one glucose molecule via secondary active transport. 2. In the simulation, why did the infant experience diarrhea due to glucose malabsorption? (3 points) Diarrhea was experienced by the infant as a result of glucose malnutrition. glucose is a substance that is osmotic in nature. When glucose enters the gastrointestinal tract, it draws water from the intestinal cells, resulting in an increase in the volume of glucose in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in diarrhea. 3. What causes lactose intolerance? What are the products of lactose breakdown? (2 points) Lactose intolerance is a condition that is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase. This condition can be acquired either through birth or through infection. It is caused by the breakdown of lactose into glucose and glucose-galactose. 4. Why is the lumen of the GI tract lined by mucosal membrane? (2 points) The lumen of the gastrointestinal tract contains the mucosal lining, which facilitates the expansion of the surface area and the secretion of enzymes for digestion, as well as the absorption of various nutrients. Additionally, the lymphoid tissue found in the mucosa serves as a protective barrier against microbes.

BIOS256 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Paola Rodriguez 5. Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this simulation. How can you apply it to the physiological processes in the body? Two key concepts I have learned from this simulation are that Ouabain inhibits or decreases glucose synthesis on the serosal end of the intestine and that sodium/potassium is essential for glucose transport through the intestine. Without sufficient quantities of these molecules present in the digestive tract, the equilibrium is disrupted. Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete simulation 15 Part 2 Complete lab report and answer questions  Purpose (1 point)  Observation (2 points)  Questions (10 points)  Reflection (2 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 30

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