BIOS255 Lab Week3

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Chamberlain University College of Nursing *

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255

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Mechanical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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6

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Paola Rodriguez BIOS255 BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels Learning objectives: Identify the structural layers of arteries and veins. Distinguish between the structure of arteries and veins. Explain the factors that affect arterial blood flow and blood pressure. Define shock, and identify the signs of shock. Identify key blood vessels of the cardiac, systemic, and pulmonary circulations. Introduction: Blood is transported around the body in 3 different types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries, and veins. Arteries and veins are each composed of 3 distinct layers of tissue while capillaries only have one layer. Blood pressure and flow depend on multiple factors. There are a number of mechanisms by which shock can occur. We will track blood through the pulmonary and systemic circulations noting the major arteries and veins along the path. Enjoy the interactive 3D models for exploring the blood vessels! Assignment: Part 1 Complete the activities in the following sections of Anatomy.TV Cardiovascular system : Blood vessels, Blood flow and Pressure, Circulatory Pathways, Vessels of the Trunk, Vessels of the Head and Neck, Vessels of the Limbs To access Anatomy.TV: Resources tab>Library>Library Resources-Database A- Z>Anatomy.TV>Titles(default tab): Choose Cardiovascular system>choose assigned sections You will then work through the material and activities by scrolling down on the right. This will allow you to see and work through all activities for that section. As you complete the lab activities, have the lab report ready to record data. Part 2 Complete the lab report. Blood vessel Lab report 1. Describe the different types of blood vessels by completing the following chart: (3 points total; 1/4 point per box)
Blood vessel Histological description/special characteristics Function Large arteries Well define internal and external laminae, tunica media is thick and full of elastic fibers. (Elastic arteries) Propel blood from heart during ventricular diastole. Propel blood from heart during ventricular diastole. Propel blood from heart during ventricular diastole. Propel blood from heart during ventricular diastole. Medium arteries Less elastic well defined internal but thin external elastic laminae. (Distributing arteries Maintain state of partial contraction or vascular tone. Arterioles Numerous microscopic arteries that feed blood into capillary networks. (Resistance vessels) Vasoconstriction, vasodilation, regular blood flow, BP, and vascular resistance. Capillaries Short, branched interconnecting vessels that form networks within body structures. (Exchange vessels) Provide large surface area in contact with tissues throughout the body. Medium veins 1 cm in diameter, 3 layers of blood vessels. Does not have internal or external laminae so unable to withstand high pressure. Boost venous return by preventing back flow of blood due to gravity. Large veins Up to 3 cm in diameter, thick tunica external but no valves. Drain into heart. 2. When a fall in arterial pressure is detected by baroreceptors, how does the cardiovascular center alter the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node to maintain homeostasis? (1 point) The sympathetic nervous system will release chemicals like adrenaline and norepinephrine, which will speed up the heart, when something similar happens. While
acetylcholine and other chemicals are released by the parasympathetic nervous system to reduce the heart rate. 3. Describe the signs and symptoms of shock as described under Blood Flow and Pressure: Shock and Homeostasis. (1 point) Because of what the circulatory system is doing at the moment, you begin to experience a shortage of blood flow into the body's tissues throughout the shock process. At that point, a person will begin to breathe quickly and have a rapid heartbeat. The parasympathetic nervous system negates the impact in order for the body to achieve equilibrium. 4. Identify the missing arteries from the schematic. (2.5 points; 1/2 point each) Right external carotid Left internal carotid Left Vertebral Artery Arch of Aorta Right subclavian artery
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5. Identify the missing arteries from the schematic: (3 points total; ¼ point each) Right Renal Right common iliac Left Renal Left common iliac Inferior Mesenteric Coeliac Trunk
6. Trace a drop of blood from the heart to the top of the foot by naming the blood vessels from the aorta to the artery that can be felt on the top of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery). First it would start at the arch of aorta, then thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, external iliac artery, femoral artery, after the popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery and last the dorsalis pedis artery. 7. Trace a drop of blood from the superior mesenteric vein within the abdomen to the right atrium. Include the major vessels along the path. (1.5 points) The superior mesenteric vein, then the superior mesenteric vein drains into the hepatic portal vein, then move into the inferior vena cava and lastly the inferior vena cava drains blood into the right atrium. 8. a. What is a portal system? (½ point) It’s a system that collect from one set of capillaries then passes through a large vessel, then to a set of capillaries. b. What is the function of the hepatic portal system? (½ point) It is a highly significant system that involves the venous system and sends blood from the spleen and digestive tract to the liver, where it undergoes processing before returning to the heart. Grading Rubric for Lab Report Activity   Deliverable   Points   Part 1 Complete lab activities 15 Part 2 Complete lab report 15 Total   Complete all lab activities   30
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