AMH2020 Take Home Exam 1
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US History Since 1877
Take-Home Exam #1: Chapter 20 Progressive Era; 22 A Clash of Cultures
The goal of this take home exam is to convince me that you both (1) read ALL of the material in the text
and (2) that you understand the concepts.
If I am unconvinced you read/understand the material (i.e., if
you are vague or you try to fake your way through this exam), you will not receive full credit for your
answers.
A good rule of thumb on assignments of this type is “overkill is better than underkill” (write
small & write a lot)---CONVINCE ME THAT YOU DO UNDERSTAND THE TERMS/CONCEPTS.
This exam
may require a couple afternoons/days of effort---but if you do the work properly & answer the questions
fully, you should be able to earn an “A”.
If you start on it the day before it is due, or attempt to Google
the answers without reading the text, you will NOT likely earn an “A” or “B”.
This is an EXAM,
NOT
A GROUP PROJECT.
If you cheat on this exam, you will be given a “0” on the exam,
an “F” in the course and potentially face disciplinary action from the Dean of Students.
The BC Student
Handbook clearly addresses what constitutes academic dishonesty and potential consequences (if in
doubt as to what constitutes cheating, refer to the BC Student Handbook).
PLEASE DO NOT PLACE YOUR
ANSWERS ON SEPARATE SHEETS OF PAPER---type your answers beneath each question and save the
completed exam (questions as well as answers) as a Word doc which you will submit via D2L for grading.
Please initial each of the following and print & sign your name at the bottom.
No take-home exam will
be accepted without a completed, signed checklist attached to the front.
___X___ I have done my own work and not collaborated with any other student(s) on this EXAM.
___X___ I have checked my answers for mistakes in grammar, spelling, punctuation.
___X___ I have reviewed the content/thoroughness of my answers.
___X___ I have NOT altered the wording or formatting of the exam (questions) in any way.
___X___ I have read the questions in their entirety and answered each part.
___X___ I have NOT attempted to sidestep reading the chapters by trying to find the answers online.
___X___ I have completed the minimum number of questions as specified.
___X___ I have submitted the exam by the due date as specified in class.
___X___ I understand that late exams will be assessed a grade penalty of 10 points per calendar day (up
to a maximum of 30 points).
For this exam, you are answering 20 questions in total---10 from each of two chapters.
1
Chapter 20 - The Progressive Era
Complete ANY/ONLY 10 of the following 13 questions from
this chapter
1. Describe/define the “Progressive Era” and what brought it about.
The Progressive era was an extraordinary period of intense social activism and dramatic political
innovation. From 1890-1920, Millions of “progressives” believed that America was experiencing a crisis
in a democracy that required action by churches, charity organizations, experts, individuals, and roles of
government.
2. Discuss the various motives of progressive reformers.
Progressives were liberals and not revolutionaries. They wanted to reform and regulate their capitalist
society, not to destroy it. Most of them were civic-minded Christian moralists who felt that politics had
become a contest between good and evil, honesty and corruption. What they all shared was that they
think governments and nationals must take a more active role in addressing the problems created by
rapid urban and industrial growth.
3. Explain the different sources of thought and activism that contributed to the Progressive
movement.
4. Who were “muckrakers” and what impact(s) did they have?
The muckrakers were investigative journalists whose aggressive reporting played a crucial role in
educating the upper and middle classes about political and corporate wrongdoing. Also, muckrakers saw
it as the responsibility of reporters to show people in comfortable circumstances the ugly realities of
poverty.
5. Discuss the link between religious activism and social responsibility.
Religious activism is based on social responsibility or social justice, the idea that society has an ethical
obligation to help its poorest and most vulnerable members. During the last quarter of the 19
th
century,
many synagogues and churches began emphasizing community service and care for the unfortunate.
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6. Provide an overview of the womens’ suffrage movement and the prejudice it faced.
The women’s suffrage movement was the movement to give women the right to vote through
constitutional amendment. As women, especially college-educated women, became more involved in
the public world of work and wages, the movement itself grew as it tirelessly pursued its voting rights.
Yet the women's suffrage movement was not free from the social, ethnic, and racial prejudices of its
time. There were many fears spread around the movement regarding upper and middle-class women
about the danger of the votes that were handled by men who were back then the elite.
7. What progressive reforms began to manifest w/ regard to the political process?
While urging states to adopt party primaries, progressives developed other ways to increase
participation in the political process. Progressives wanted to improve America’s democracy by making it
more democratic.
In 1898, South Dakota became the first state to adopt the “initiative and referendum”, procedures that
allowed voters to create laws directly rather than having to wait for legislative action.
Another progressive reform that was processed was “the recall”, which was first adopted in Oregon in
1910, where corrupt or incompetent elected officials could be removed by a public petition and vote.
8. Briefly describe movements favoring temperance, abstinence, and prohibition.
9. What effects were undertaken to regulate children’s and women’s labor?
The National Child Labor Committee organized in 1904, led a movement to prohibit the employment of
young children. Within ten years, the committee lobbied successfully for legislation in most states
banning the hiring of children below a certain age and limiting the hours children might work. Regarding
women, Frances Willard, WCTU president, pushed progressive reforms important to women, including a
nationwide eight-hour workday, the regulation of child labor, government funding to kindergartens, the
right to vote for women, and federal inspections.
10. Provide examples of reforms implemented by Theodore Roosevelt.
Roosevelt applauded the growth of industrial capitalism but declared war on corruption and on cronyism
or the awarding of political appointments, government contracts, and other favors to politician
connections. He also endorsed a “Square Deal” which is a program that featured what was called “Three
C’s”. Greater government control of corporations, enhanced conservation of natural resources, and new
regulations to protect consumers against contaminated food and medicine.
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11. Explain the conflict between Roosevelt and Taft and how it helped to elect Woodrow Wilson.
12. What types of reforms were undertaken by Wilson?
Under Wilson’s presidency, congress passed the Federal Reserve Act, which created a new national
banking system with twelve regional districts. He also wanted a strong Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
which was the cornerstone of his anti-trust program, so he created the five-member FTC which replaced
the Bureau of Corporations. Following the Anti-Trust Act, Wilson released the Clayton Anti-Trust Act
which declared that labor unions were not viewed as “monopolies in restraint of trade”, as courts had
done since 1890.
13. In what respects were progressives disappointed with Wilson?
African Americans were disappointed by Wilson’s racial conservatism, by showing little interest in
addressing discrimination and violence that African Americans faced which made it seem that
progressivism was intended for whites only. Also, activists for women’s suffrage were disappointed in
Wilson since he insisted that the issue of women right’s should be left to the states rather than
embodied in a constitutional amendment.
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Chapter 22 - Clash of Cultures
Complete ANY 10 of the following 13 questions from this
chapter)
1. Explain the term “consumer culture” and provide examples from the reading.
During the 1920s, there was a visible change in the emergence of a powerful, urban-dominated
consumer culture, with the rise of mass production and consumption of nationally advertised products.
This came to dictate much of social life and social status and shifted the US economy to a new era of
consumption of goods to the point that it became an obsession. People kept buying by business
executive ideas which focused their attention and resources on marketing and advertising campaigns.
2. What factors contributed to the growth of consumer culture in the 1920s?
3. What were some of the main elements of the emerging mass culture?
Provide detailed examples.
Mass advertising and marketing campaigns increasingly led to a mass culture, more and more Americans
now not only saw and heard the same advertisements and went shopping, but also read the same
magazines, listened to the same radio, and watched movies. Through the media, they could follow the
lives and careers of the nation’s first celebrities and superstars.
4. What is meant by the term “Jazz Age” and why has it been used to describe the 1920s?
Jazz Age is meant as a label for the spirit of rebelliousness and spontaneity welling up among many
young Americans. In the 1920s young people focused their energies on social and cultural rebellion.
5. What was the “Harlem Renaissance”?
Integrate “Garveyism” in your answer.
Harlem Renaissance was the nation’s first self-conscious black literary and artistic movement, centered in
New York City’s Harlem district, which had a largely black population in the wake of the great migration
from the South. Garveyism, inspired by Marcus Garvey, called for racial separation and insisted that
blacks had nothing in common with whites. As a result, Harlem Renaissance was only for black people
only.
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6. What does “modernism” mean in intellectual and artistic terms?
Provide examples from the
reading.
Modernism made people inspired and stunned by the new scientific and technical knowledge that
unveiled troubling mysteries of the universe. Modernists were rebellious intellectuals, writers, and
arntists who believed that the start of the twentieth century was a historical hinge and values and
adopted radical new forms of artistic expression.
7. Identify reactionary/conservative trends in the 1920s---and briefly explain.
8. Explain the Prohibition movement, its goals and the problems it created.
The prohibition movement is a national ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol, though the law was
widely violated and proved too difficult to enforce effectively. The public thirst for alcohol and the profits
to be made in making and selling it illegally, caused many to be arrested for violating the ban.
9. Explain the political resurgence of the Republican Party in the 1920s.
The republican resurgence was the comeback of the conservative republicans to power since the
progressive political coalition had fragmented in 1920.
10. What major domestic policies/initiatives were implemented under the Harding administration?
Harding's initiatives or promises were to end progressivism and internationalism with his campaign’s
“return to normalcy” promise.
11. Explain the trends favoring isolationism and disarmament in the era.
6
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Isolationism was in favor since it helped expand global economic interests and disarmament was in favor
since the US wanted to avoid an expensive naval arms race so they proposed with five other countries
the Five-Power Treaty, which limited the size of a nation’s navy.
12. Provide an overview of the scandals during the Harding administration.
During the Harding administration, there were scandals such as the fraudulent handling of German
assets seized after the war, the Teapot Dome scandal which involved profits from secret leasing of
government oil reserves to private oil companies, and inside his administration’s sexual misbehavior and
corrupt associates which were viewed as the worst in history.
13. What were the chief characteristics of the presidencies of Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover?
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