C121 Task 3

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Running head: C121 TASK 3 C121 Task 3 Vernon Harbert Western Governors University January 28, 2021

2 C121 TASK 3 A. Discuss three major changes in race relations that resulted from Reconstruction The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery in the United States. The abolishment of slavery created a new dynamic in race relations. Former masters now had to engage in employment negotiations with former slaves. This was uncomfortable and created tension between former masters and freed slaves. (Norton, 2015) The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution granted all blacks citizenship and equal protection under the law. This created racial tension in the South. To circumvent the Fourteenth Amendment the South instituted Jim Crow Laws responsible for allowing separate but equal legal segregation of blacks in public. This fueled racial tensions and would legally continue until 1954. (Norton, 2015) The ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution prohibited discrimination in voting rights based on race and or color. This also created racial tension in the South. To circumvent the Fifteenth Amendment southern states created voting limitations that would impose residency restrictions, disqualification for minor crimes, full payment of all owed taxes and literacy exams. These limitations would greatly hinder the black community from exercising their now legal right to vote. While reconstruction abolished slavery and freed blacks it did not provide society a blueprint to navigate the change in relations between the races. Reconstruction was a result of the North’s victory in the Civil War leaving the South irritated, overcome and forced to navigate the new constitution and co-exist with citizens that they formerly view as property. (Norton, 2015) B. Describe two consequences of industrialization on American politics and/or society. The industrialization of America resulted in an influx of immigrants into urban cities in the United States. Politics in industrialized urban cities were controlled by wealthy influencers.

3 C121 TASK 3 Wealthy influencers would select candidates to run for office and then provide civil and monetary aid to immigrants to earn their vote for the selected candidate. This resulted in political appointees controlled by wealthy influencers lobbying for legislation that did not meet the needs of the people. (Norton, 2015) The influx of immigrants affected society in urban cities as well. Immigrants fleeing to the United States for opportunity were willing to work for lower wages, and this created tension between natural citizens and immigrants. Natural citizens demanded for immigration limitations. The original immigration laws instituted in the United States denied immigration to criminals, poor people, and the mentally ill. Many immigrants moved into poor neighborhoods resulting in the overcrowding of urban cities. (Norton, 2015) C. Explain the rise of the Progressive movement C1. Describe the role of religion and social morality in promoting Progressive reforms. Progressive reform in the United States was a movement to address the industrialized capitalistic lack of morality in society. Members of the progressive movement sought to move the value in society placed on capitalism to a more humanitarian view. According to Cook and Halpin (2010) members of the progressive movement used religion to “promote the notion of community and solidarity above concepts of individualism and materialism” (Cook & Halpin, 2010). C2. Describe two reform movements that helped to define the Progressive Era. Working class reformers rallied for labor reform. Many working-class citizens lobbied to create standards and regulations like safety standards, worker’s compensation, and child labor laws. Labor reform from the Progressive Era included compensation for work related accidents and minimum age requirements for child laborers. Prohibition outlawed the making, selling, and

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4 C121 TASK 3 transporting of alcohol in the United States. This was ratified in the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919. This was a landmark win for the Progressive Movement’s goals of morality and prioritizing family. (Norton, 2015) C3. Discuss one impact of the Progressive movement on American politics A substantial impact of the Progressive movement on American politics was the institution of a federal income tax with the Sixteenth Amendment. Prior to the ratification of the Amendment the federal government collected revenue through tariffs. The institution of a federal income tax allowed for the revenue of the federal government to be shifted to corporations and the wealthier members of society. (Norton, 2015) D. Explain the role of American imperialism in leading the United States into the Hawaiian Annexation and the Spanish-American War American Imperialism began with American Exceptionalism which is the belief that America is different and superior to other countries. The Hawaiian annexation marked the beginning of American Imperialism to obtain resources and gain control of more territory. American Imperialism was made possible by the development of the United States Navy and goals to expand America’s foreign economic interests. (Norton, 2015) The Spanish-American War marked the beginning of American Imperialism against Spain. The United States’ interest in the Spanish-American War was sparked by sugar trade and the affect the Spanish invasion into Cuba had on the availability of Cuban imports to America. Spanish control over Cuba had a direct effect on the American economy and in turn led America into geopolitics. The United States military joined forces with the Filipino guerillas to defeat Spain and liberate Cuba. Britain sent British ships to show support for the United States and

5 C121 TASK 3 intimidate Spain. This was a gesture from the British government to foster an alliance with the United States. (Norton, 2015)

6 C121 TASK 3 References Cook, M., & Halpin, J. (2010, October 8). The Role of Faith in the Progressive Movement. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/democracy/reports/2010/10/08/8490/the-role-of- faith-in-the-progressive-movement/ Norton, M.B. (2015). A People & a Nation . Retrieved from https://lrps.wgu.edu/provision/53540310

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