SU_NSG4055_W5_Project _ Beatriz Yant
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4055
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Health Science
Date
Nov 24, 2024
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docx
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Creating a Plan of Care
Beatriz Yant Savignon
South University
NSG 4055 - Illness & Disease Management across Life Span
Professor Brun Shawanna
November 23, 2023
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Creating a Plan of Care
In the US, heart disease is the most common cause of mortality while stroke is the fifth
most common cause. This is a serious and expensive health issue. The 1.5 million heart attacks
and strokes that occur in America each year are a major source of the more than $320 billion in
yearly healthcare expenses and lost productivity resulting from cardiovascular disease. This
illness can severely reduce a person's quality of life and render them permanently disabled. The
group of people with chronic illnesses that I chose included heart disease and stroke
(Allen,
2020)
. My mother has been suffering greatly from this chronic illness, thus I chose this topic
from the Healthy People 2020 topic category. For the purpose of her privacy, we called her H.Y.
This type of chronic illness impacts not just the individual but the entire family in terms of
physical, emotional, social, and economical aspects. I believed that this course would afford me
the chance to help and handle heart disease-related issues. The facts regarding the patient with
heart disease during the last four weeks will be compiled in this report, together with a
comprehensive care plan for H.Y.
Week 1 to 4 Summaries
Looking at the effects of heart disease during the first week, I found that the death rate for
heart disease patients is higher than that of people without the ailment. Over 50-year-olds have
the highest death rate because they are more prone to develop cardiovascular disease and other
cardiac diseases. Because of its effect on the state's overall health, heart disease is extremely
expensive. Compared to other illnesses, heart disease requires more money to manage, treat, and
care for a patient. Due to the high cost of managing and treating heart disease, it is imperative to
prevent it. Redirecting monies spent to treat the condition toward other chronic illnesses and
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development would be the outcome of effectively preventing heart disease. Routinely engaging
in healthful behaviors can help prevent the illness. The main goals of the Healthy People 2020
heart disease goals and purposes were also covered, with the main objective being to gradually
improve the sick people's quality of life while alleviating the burden of their sickness
(Vieweg &
Hasnain, 2019)
. To help with the research, I also created a questionnaire on heart illness.
I distributed the questionnaire made in the first week throughout the second week.
Responses to the feedback form revealed that patients with cardiac conditions frequently require
a strong support network, which frequently consists of the patient's friends or family.
Additionally, medical professionals are essential in helping those who suffer from heart disease.
The patient needs assistance adjusting to dietary modifications, consistent exercise regimens, and
others reminding them to take their medication. The patient I spoke with, H.Y., revealed that she
was afraid of the illness and that her family needed to support and care for her. Furthermore, I
demonstrated how counseling might assist reduce anxiety and tension, both of which could be
detrimental to a patient's health
(Vieweg & Hasnain, 2019)
.
I analyzed my patient's assistance requirements based on her status during the third week.
Among the concerns were the emotional and educational needs of a caregiver. In order to relieve
strain and tension, caregivers and family members had to strike a balance between suffocating
and providing for the patient. It was also essential for the caregivers to become familiar with the
patient's customized action plan. The patient also needed emotional support, camaraderie, and
reassurance from a support group. I also discussed the professional caregivers' interventions and
nurses' advocacy roles in helping participants accept their diagnosis and course of treatment. In
addition, I oversaw the actions necessary to guarantee that the objectives and goals of Healthy
People 2020 were carried out. Teaching both the general public and people with heart disease is
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necessary to achieve the goals. People with heart disease need to be made more aware of the
need of getting recommended medical exams and checkups
(Shields et al., 2020)
. Patients
should ensures they exercise and eat a balanced diet to keep their cholesterol and blood pressure
under control.
I spoke about the available resources for those with heart illness during the fourth week.
The tools help the ill manage their conditions. Patients interact with doctors and other heart
disease patients in support groups to achieve this objective. The American Heart Association is
one of these services; it supports conventional heart treatment to prevent undesirable outcomes
from the condition, coaches’ patients on healthy living, and finances research on heart issues.
Community health centers (CHCs), which are nonprofit healthcare institutions that provide
primary and preventive care services, are an additional resource. CHCs offer primary care
services in addition to standard examinations, diagnostic tests, and treatment for chronic
conditions including heart disease. Medicare, the federal medical coverage program for persons
who are 65 years of age or beyond and those with certain chronic diseases and disabilities, is
another resource that was mentioned. Numerous Medicare benefits and therapies are available to
patients with heart disease
(Shields et al., 2020)
.
Plan of Care
Nursing Diagnoses
Acute pain, dyspnea, family histories, and risk factors associated with coronary artery
disease are the nursing analysis for the disease set. The patient's symptoms of breathing
problems, chest discomfort, and a family past of heart disease serve as evidence for this.
Assessment Data
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Subjective
The patient described experiencing a terrible feeling in her chest and being out of breath.
She used to smoke frequently when she was younger. She enjoys playing cards, cooking,
traveling, and golfing.
She claims she enjoys sweet meals and has struggled to show up for her
weekly golf lessons.
Objective
Since her diagnosis, the patient has been dealing with a cardiac condition. The illness has
twice returned in spite of prior treatments, exhibiting objective symptoms such fatigue, clammy
skin, and restlessness. On her worse days, she has had a maximum blood pressure reading of
129/77p. The patient acknowledges that she knows how important it is to monitor her blood
pressure often.
Interview results
According to the interview's findings, the patient has had coronary artery disease for 20
years. The patient is a nonsmoker who is unbiased and whose parents have a history of cardiac
problems.
She has received two coronary artery bypass grafts and one angioplasty. Her blood
pressure fluctuated during bouts, and she was admitted to the hospital because of her recurrent
cardiac problems. It has also taken her some time to fully recover from the final wound from the
bypass graft. The patient's primary challenges in managing her cardiac condition are maintaining
her regular exercise schedule and adhering to the prescribed diet since she enjoys sweet foods.
She shares her concern that she will go through another phase of her illness
(Rains, 2020)
.
Desired Outcomes
The patient will furnish the expert with her nutritionist-provided meal plan and workout
routine. The nurse will next follow up with the patient and explain to them the importance of
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following the plan. The specialist will assist the patient in creating a fantastic exercise program
and instruct her on how to effectively check her blood sugar levels, including how often and
when to do so. The test slips will be given to the patient so she may keep an eye on her status at
home
(Rains, 2020)
.
The patient will also learn relaxing techniques from the nurse.
Evaluation Criteria
Medical history
The criterion takes into account the age at when the patient received her coronary artery
heart disease diagnosis as well as the symptoms she was experiencing at the time. Along with
any mental health concerns, the prior patient's food preferences, fitness regimen, and size will be
documented. Assessing the patient's background information on heart disease and past medical
interventions is essential for managing her condition and gauging how she will react to the
prescribed treatment. For reference, the blood pressure measurement numbers must also be
documented. Documenting whether the patient undergoes recommended medical checks is also
crucial
(Rains, 2020)
.
Physical examination
Note the patient's height, weight, body mass index, and blood sugar levels. Check the
respiration, apical heart rate, and eyes.
Laboratory evaluation
Check the patient's cholesterol levels. For nutrition treatment, direct the patient to the top
nutritionist.
Actions and Interventions
The first step is to keep an eye on the patient's blood pressure and apical heart while
attacks are occurring as well as when they are not. In addition, individuals with angina should
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remain completely bedridden to minimize tissue damage and facilitate air circulation. Exercise
and nutrition therapy can help regulate the illness when angina attacks are not occurring. It is
also important to encourage the patient to voice any issues they may have with their care. The
patient might also be taught relaxation techniques
(Haynes et al., 2023)
. After two hours, the
patient should also switch positions. In order to lower the risk of problems, initiatives developed
for lifestyle modifications must be developed and evaluated.
To make sure meals are healthful, a
nutritionist should be contacted before making any dietary changes. When creating exercise
routines, it's advisable to get the advice of a fitness professional to make sure that the exercises
are in line with the patient's health.
The patient's family members are also essential in providing care and emotional support
to assist the sick person deal with her circumstances. Families can assist their loved ones in
adjusting more easily by encouraging the patient to follow a new fitness and food regimen. In
addition to providing care, family members should be educated about heart disease by the
qualified caregivers. Families need to be fully aware of the drugs the patient is taking, the
symptoms they may experience, and how to handle these episodes
(Haynes et al., 2023)
. It is
important to support the family member's attendance at examinations and assessments. Because
cardiac diseases are inherited, all family members of the ill individual should also be checked for
the illness.
Evaluation of patient outcomes
Assessing the patient's capacity to maintain normal blood pressure and breathing was part
of the evaluation of their results. The results can also be obtained by watching the patient take
their medications as directed. It is important for the healthcare provider to ascertain whether the
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patient is in good weight range, adhering to suggested meal plans, and making appropriate
exercise routines
(Haynes et al., 2023)
.
Conclusion
In summary, a patient with several chronic illnesses and cardiac disease has numerous
obstacles to sustaining optimal health throughout an extended lifespan. In addition to
pharmacological therapy, preventative approaches, resource adjustment, and application can help
patients and their families manage better with long-term disease. Positive outcomes in day-to-
day living are contingent upon family assistance in managing cardiac disease. Assigning the
patient and family the aforementioned interventions, education, and awareness through a care
plan will assist in preventing, controlling, and managing heart disease and promoting a healthy
lifestyle.
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References
Allen, C. (2020). Drafting success: Creating a National Action Plan for patient safety.
Patient
Safety
, 71-77.
https://doi.org/10.33940/interview/2020.9.7
Haynes, A., Frederick, A., & Chirkoff, A. (2023). APN plan improves outcome for patient with
congenital heart disease.
AACN Advanced Critical Care
,
23
(2), 142-
154.
https://doi.org/10.4037/nci.0b013e318245381a
Rains, M. (2020). Improving patient care and reducing readmissions using a standardized
transition of care plan.
Heart & Lung
,
49
(2),
214.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.02.018
Shields, A., Cole, A., Mikulis, A., & Colvin, E. L. (2020). Nursing care of the pediatric cardiac
patient.
Critical Care of Children with Heart Disease
, 131-
132.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21870-6_11
Vieweg, W. V., & Hasnain, M. (2019). Psychiatric care of the patient with heart
disease.
Psychiatric Care of the Medical Patient
, 1083-
1111.
https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199731855.003.0052
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