Noun Word Study

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Dec 6, 2023

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OTCL 505 N OUN W ORD S TUDY Introduction Fuhr and Köstenberger explain that traditional word study involves examining what a word could possibly mean in all possible contexts, and then, identifying what the word actually means in the particular context in which the author used it based on the author’s intent. 1 This is the semantic range study. The first step identifies the range of possible meaning, and the second step narrows the range to the intended meaning. Why is this important? The authors further clarify this is crucial because, “Translations have to choose one or the other. But if you’ve done your own word study, you’re not constrained by translations.” 2 In this instance, I think it is even more crucial to comprehend the word used and why it was used to further broaden and enlighten our understanding of biblical Hebrew in a practical manner for future use reading scripture in the original language. In furtherance of this goal, I have chosen to base a word study on an interesting and somewhat controversial passage, Daniel 9:24-27 from the NASB translation. Select Only the Most Important Word(s) for Study In reading this passage, I identified three words that stood out as most important. First, week/weeks was prominent through numeric usage. It occurs six times within these four verses. Such repetition indicates significance to the theme and when you understand that this is God’s answer to a prayer revealing a timeline for restoration, clearly the timing of this answer is important. Second, Messiah obviously stands out anywhere it is used in the Bible, especially in the Old Testament, and even more so by the prophets. Thus, seeing Messiah twice within these four verses of God’s revealed plan of restoration to Daniel is a fairly certain clue as to Messiah being a central concept within the passage. Third, I chose the word decree because it appears to be important as a central concept to God’s 1 Fuhr, Richard Alan, and Andreas J. Köstenberger. Inductive Bible Study: Observation, Interpretation, and Application through the Lenses of History, Literature, and Theology. Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Academic, 2016, p. 235. 2 Ibid, p. 241.

OTCL 505 assurance to Daniel. If God is decreeing something to be so, it is so! Yet, as I looked closer at these verses, decree also presented some intriguing nuances. Decreed is first used in verse 24, decree is used in verse 25 and decreed is used again in verse 27. But, as I studied the words in the Blue Letter Bible, I noticed the decreed from verse 27 had a different reference number to the Strong’s Concordance than the decreed in verse 24 and decree from verse 25 had a yet a different reference number. Further, I noticed that the word determined from verse 26 had the same reference number as decreed from verse 27 tying those terms together. Interesting, which to me means worth looking into and, perhaps, important. Determine the Hebrew Word from Which the English Word Was Derived English word used in NASB Strong’s # from BLB Hebrew word Pronunciation per BLB Week/weeks 7620 חיִשָמ shaw-boo’-ah Decree 1967 2782 2852 רָבָּד daw-baw’ Messiah 4899 ַחיִשָמ Maw-shee’-akh Determine the Usage of the Hebrew Word From our own language, we understand a week to refer to a period of time, specifically seven days. However, in biblical Hebrew we can see from the possible English words that it can also refer to a period of time of seven years. Further, the Strong’s points out that is used specifically of years, while the context of the passage indicates that this is the proper usage due to the length of Jewish exile. Thus, it would be rendered 70 periods of 7 years in verse 24, or 490 years. In hindsight we can determine that this is an extremely accurate prophesy of the time period until Jesus was crucified (cut off). The first occurrence of decreed in verse 24, ְ ךַתָח , is a verb meaning to determine and points to God having determined the length of time to restoration. The second occurrence, רָבָּד , is a noun that references a matter, as spoken, such as a word. Thus, it relates back to 24 as the word God has spoken on the matter of timing. Decreed as used in verses 26 and 27 is also a verb, ץ ַרָח , and refers back to the word

OTCL 505 God has declared, denoting He has determined it, it is settled. The giving of His word on the matters is His promise. Finally, it is rather obvious that Messiah in both instances refers to the anointed king, consecrated by God to restore the people. Thus, specifically the prophesied savior, The Messiah is the reference. List All the English Words for the One Hebrew Word חישָמ : Literally, sevened… i.e. a week (specifically, of years) – seven, week, period of seven (days, years), heptad. רָבָד : A word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; commune(-ication), concern, confer, counsel, dearth, decree, deed, disease, due, duty, effect, eloquent, errand, glory, harm, hurt, iniquity, judgment, language, lying, manner, matter, message, thing, oracle, ought, parts, pertaining, please, portion, power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, said, sake, saying, sentence, sign, so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, song, speech, spoken, talk, task, that, there done, thing (concerning), thought, thus, tidings, what(-soever), wherewith, which, word, work. ַחישָמ : Anointed; usually a consecrated person (as a king, priest, or saint); specifically, the Messiah. Consider How the Contextual Settings Influenced Each of the English Word Choices In order to understand the context of these verses, I started by reading the entirety of Chapter 9. Daniel 9 is, in its entirety, a prayer of pleading from Daniel to God for the mercy of God on Israel’s unrighteousness and restoration of Jerusalem and Israel to their rightful place. This context sets the stage for the word choices by framing them in a declaration from God, Himself concerning the circumstances and timing He chose to reveal to Daniel for the restoration for which he has appealed. Gabriel is God’s herald, proclaiming God’s assurance to Daniel that his prayers will be answers and points to the importance of God’s answer.

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OTCL 505 Thus, God has given His רָבָּד (promise) that ַחיִשָמ (Messiah) will restore Jerusalem and the people in seventy ַחיִשָמ (heptads - sevens of years). Conclusion By declaring the circumstances and timing, God has revealed to Daniel that, indeed, the restoration he has appealed for is going to be answered. The answer may not be precisely what Daniel hoped to hear, but it is confirmation that his pleas for the city and people will ultimately be answered. Thus, God has revealed to Daniel a certain degree of His redemptive plan for the future restoration in the form of a timeline, champion, and outcome. Daniel may not understand the full extent of the plan, and it would seem that God has intentionally not provided all of the answers. Nevertheless, Daniel is assured that his pleas have been heard by God and that God is assuring him of an answer. Further, Daniel is assured that this answer is important to God through God’s sending Gabriel to deliver His answer. What could be more important than the promise of salvation through the coming of the Savior! Bibliography Fuhr, Richard Alan, and Andreas J. Köstenberger. Inductive Bible Study: Observation, Interpretation, and Application through the Lenses of History, Literature, and Theology. Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Academic, 2016. " BLB Study Resources." Blue Letter Bible. Accessed 1 Aug, 2023. https://www.blueletterbible.org/study.cfm Zodhiates, Spiros and Warren Baker, eds . Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible: English Standard Version . Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers; 2013.

Noun Word Study

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