ECE_285_Lab_Manual

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George Mason University *

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285

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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ECE285 2023 Laboratory 4 Superposition Theorem and Source Transformation Objectives: Verify the superposition theorem and to experimentally verify the concept of source transformation. Before starting the lab, you are required to have all the calculations and CIRCUITLAB results. This laboratory is not compatible for both in-lab equipments and the Analog Discovery 2 (AD2). Therefore, there are separate sections for the in-lab equipment and the Analog Discovery 2 (AD2). Instructional Video: https://youtu.be/1GQnS07_CR8 1. Superposition In lab: Figure 4.1.A Pre-lab: A. Replace all the voltage sources except V 1 with a short circuit and calculate the current across the resistor R 3 . B. Do the same with V2 and V3, as you know from the superposition theorem. C. Calculate the voltage across resistor R 3 . D. Simulate the circuit in Circuitlab and present the simulation results. 17
ECE285 2023 Experimental Set-up: A. Wire up the circuit in figure 4.1.A on the breadboard, in the lab. B. Using a digital multimeter, measure the voltage across resistor R 3 . C. From the theoretical and practical values, is the superposition theorem verified? How? AD2: Figure 4.1.B Pre-lab: A. Replace all the voltage sources except V 1 with a short circuit and calculate the current across the resistor R 3 . B. Do the same with V2 and V3, as you know from the superposition theorem. C. Calculate the voltage across resistor R 3 . D. Simulate the circuit in Circuitlab and present the simulation results. Experimental Set-up: A. Wire up the circuit in figure 4.1.B on a breadboard. Use the 9 V battery along with its snaps for the voltage source labeled, “V3”. B. Using a digital multimeter or the AD2, measure the voltage across resistor R 3 . C. From the theoretical and practical values, is the superposition theorem verified? How? 18
ECE285 2023 2. Source Transformation In lab: Figure 4.2.A Pre-lab: A. Transform the circuit in the figure into a single voltage source and then calculate the voltage and current across resistor R 3 . Indicate the circuit transformation in each stage. B. Simulate this circuit in Circuitlab, and present the measurements for voltage and current across resistor R 3 . Experimental Set-up: A. Wire up the circuit in figure 4.2.A on the breadboard in the lab. B. Using a digital multimeter, measure the current and voltage across resistor R 3 . Make sure you see the direction of the voltage. Try switching the red and black probes of the multimeter to see the negative/positive values of the voltage. C. Comment on the differences between your circuit and the simulation. Would you expect the resistor tolerances (as you saw in the first lab) to have an impact on your responses? D. How would you go about designing a “perfect” circuit like the one in figure 4.2.A and guaranteeing that it would work if you only had 10% tolerance resistors? Explain this idea in English. 19
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ECE285 2023 AD2: Figure 4.2.B Pre-lab: A. Transform the circuit in the figure into a single voltage source and then calculate the voltage and current across resistor R 3 . Indicate the circuit transformation in each stage. B. Simulate this circuit in Circuitlab and present the results for voltage and current across resistor R 3 . Experimental Set-up: A. Wire up the circuit in figure 4.2.B on the breadboard B. Using a digital multimeter and the voltmeter on the AD2, measure the current and voltage across resistor R 3 , respectively. Make sure you see the direction of the voltage. Try switching the red and black probes of the multimeter to see the negative/positive values of the voltage. For the AD2’s voltmeter, switch the oran ge and orange with a white line wires or the blue and blue with a white line wires to observe the negative/positive values of the voltage. C. Comment on the differences between your circuit and the simulation. Would you expect the resistor tolerances (as you saw in the first lab) to have an impact on your responses? D. How would you go about designing a “perfect” circuit like the one in figure 4.2.B and guaranteeing that it would work if you only had 10% tolerance resistors? Explain this idea in English. 20