Lab 0 - Lab Safety & Procedures

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School

Centennial College *

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Course

101

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by Nayan10000

ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety Student Name: Nayan Devkota Student number: 301371045 Lab 0 Lab Safety Objective: Upon completion of this lab exercise, you will be able to: • State safety procedure in the event of various emergencies • Exercise safe practice when operating in an electronics lab to avoid personal injury • Exercise safe practice when operating in an electronics lab to avoid damage to equipment Procedure: PERSONAL SAFETY: Answer the following questions using whatever resource you wish (internet, online safety video, security personnel, etc.…) 1. In the event that you suspect an individual of being electrocuted, what should you do? - Before approaching the person, make sure you're safe. - If at all possible, disconnect the equipment that is triggering the shock from the power source. - Shift the person away from the electrical source using a non-conductive object. - Make an instant call to your local emergency number, such as 911. - Give your location and adhere to the operator's directions. - Avoid barehanded contact with the person when they are in close proximity to the source. - If necessary, relocate them with a non-conductive object like a wooden broom handle.

ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety 2. a. What is the college phone number and extension to reach security for your location? -416-289-500 ext. 5240 b. In the event of an evacuation, what is the emergency exit route? Answer in the form of a map or step-by-step instructions for exiting. -

ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety -

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ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety 3. What should you do in the event of a fire in the lab? . Sound the Alarm- If a fire alarm is present, turn it on. .Evacuate Immediately- Quickly and calmly leave the lab. . Take the stairs out instead of the elevator. . Call for assistance by dialing emergency services, such as 911. . Only use fire extinguishers if necessary and only if they are safe to use. . If there is smoke, "Stay Low" and "Keep Close to the Ground." . Use the specified exit routes by adhering to the evacuation routes. . Go to the authorized assembly location and Assemble at Safe Location. . Report to Authorities- Give emergency personnel information. . Don't Re-Enter Until Cleared- Await the authorities' green light before going back. 4. Where should you keep your bags and jackets in the lab? 1. Make use of designated storage spaces- Use the designated shelves, coat racks, or lockers. 2.Stay away from workstations or lab benches- Keep personal items away from lab workstations and benches. 3. Do not obstruct emergency gear - Ensure that no one is blocking access to safety equipment. 4. Protect Valuables- For valuable valuables, use lockers or secure storage. 5. Avoid Risks of Contamination- Keep personal belongings away from dangerous substances. 6. Adhere to lab policies- Comply with the lab's specified storage regulations. 5. Where should you keep food and drinks? - Keep food and beverages away from the lab. - Eat only in authorized areas, such as break rooms or communal spaces. - Keep food and drinks in refrigerators or cupboards outside the lab that are designated for that use. - Adhere to the precise dietary restrictions and instructions provided by the lab. - Instead of utilizing glass containers, choose plastic or other non-breakable options.

ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety - In approved eating areas, tidy up after yourself by properly disposing of rubbish. - Drink plenty of water in specified settings outside the lab to reduce the chance of contamination. 6. In the event that a person is being electrocuted and power cannot be shut off, what can you do (keeping in mind that your own safety is paramount)? - Avoid Direct Contact: Don't touch somebody who is in contact with an electrical source with your bare hands. - Maintain a Safe Distance: Remain in the background and take a safe distance to evaluate the situation. - Try to Disconnect the Source Safely: If it's safe to do so without putting yourself in danger, transfer the electricity's source away from the individual. - Call for Help: Immediately dial your local emergency number, such as 911, and give your location. - Use a Non-Conductive Rescue instrument : If possible, relocate the victim away from the source using a non-conductive rescue instrument. - Think About Using an Insulated Object: If a rescue instrument is not available, try moving the victim using a thick rubber or plastic mat that is absolutely non-conductive. 7. At the end of a lab period, what are some of the things you should check/do prior to leaving? - Dispose of substances in accordance with lab procedures. - Sanitize and clean the workspace and the tools. - Lock up equipment and glassware to prevent breakage. - Shut off gas lines and lab equipment.

ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety - Properly label and preserve samples. - Inspect and put out any open flames or heating sources. - To stop spills, close and seal containers. - Place garbage in the appropriate containers. - Secure chemical or hazardous material cabinets. - Ensure that all emergency supplies are usable and readily available. - Inform the lab supervisor of any mishaps or accidents. - Close windows, turn off lights, and adjust ventilation. - Adhere to any lab-specific closing protocols. - If necessary, sign out or log off any software or systems particular to the lab. EQUIPMENT SAFETY: Write a brief paragraph to answer each of the following questions. 8. What danger does nature pose to the electronic lab environment? Identify several means by which weather can damage lab equipment. - The environment of an electronic lab is potentially dangerous from nature in many ways, with weather playing a crucial role. Water damage, which can result from rain or flooding and can cause serious harm to delicate electronic equipment, is one of the most immediate risks. Furthermore, excessive humidity can cause condensation on electronic parts, which can cause corrosion and short circuits. Power surges caused by lightning strikes during storms have the potential to break or damage electronic equipment. Storms and other extreme weather conditions can cause power outages, which can disrupt operations and perhaps damage equipment due to unexpected power surges after the power is restored. Additionally, wind-borne dust, leaves, or storm-related debris might enter the lab and gather on equipment, perhaps overheating it or impeding ventilation. 9. What danger does electricity pose to the human body? For the human body, what electrical conditions will cause what level of injury? Identify the current and voltage required to cause death. What is the typical resistance of the human body? - Effects of current and voltage:

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ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety Muscle contractions, discomfort, and difficulty letting go of the source can all be brought on by low currents (milliamps). Higher currents (amperes) have the potential to cause cardiac arrest, burns, and damage to the nerves. -Thermostatic Heating: Heat is produced when current passes through the body; this heat, particularly at contact places, can cause burns. -Heart-Related Effects: Ventricular fibrillation, which occurs when the heart muscle contracts suddenly and erratically as a result of an electrical disturbance, can result in cardiac arrest. Following ventricular fibrillation, asystole, or complete cessation of heart activity, may happen. -Nervous System Effects: -Electrical shocks can disturb the neural system, possibly leading to paralysis, nerve damage, and uncontrollable muscle contractions. According to individual parameters including resistance, length of exposure, and the path the current goes through the body, the current and voltage needed to cause death can change. But as a general principle: -Threshold for Perception: A human may experience a tingling sensation at about 1 milliampere (mA). -Muscle contraction threshold: At about 10 mA, it may become challenging to release the source. -Ventricular Fibrillation Threshold: This level of current may cause ventricular fibrillation, which may result in cardiac arrest, between 100 and 200 mA. - The resistance of the human body is typically between 1,000 and 100,000 ohms. However, if the skin is wet or if there is a direct path for the current to pass through essential organs, as in the case of a hand-to-hand shock, this resistance might drastically diminish. -It's crucial to keep in mind that even seemingly little electrical shocks can have negative effects, thus safety precautions should always be followed when handling electricity.

ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety 10. In the lab, how can digital equipment be damaged? What level of current/voltage output can be found in various lab equipment (power supply, function generator)? What level of current/voltage input is tolerable in various lab equipment (digital multimeter, oscilloscope)? What level of current/voltage can damage digital ICs? -Environmental Factors: Exposure to moisture, dust, or extremely high or low temperatures can cause digital equipment to operate poorly and shorten its lifespan. -Overvoltage: Applying a voltage higher than the equipment's specified limit can lead to component failure. -Power Surges: Sudden spikes in voltage, often caused by electrical disturbances, can overwhelm and damage electronic circuits. -Incorrect Wiring or Connections: Improper connections or short circuits can lead to excessive current flow, potentially damaging the equipment. -Static Discharge: Electrostatic discharge from a person's body can damage sensitive components. -Environmental Factors: Exposure to moisture, dust, or extreme temperatures can degrade the performance and lifespan of digital equipment. In a lab setting, digital equipment can sustain damage in a number of ways: -Overvoltage: Failure of a component might result from applying a voltage that is higher than the equipment's recommended limit. -Electrical disturbances frequently create power surges, which can overload and harm electronic circuitry. -Incorrect Wiring or Connections: Short circuits or improper connections may cause an excessive current flow that could harm the device. -Electrostatic discharge from the body of a human can harm delicate components. -Environmental Factors: Digital equipment's performance and lifespan might be affected by exposure to moisture, dust, or extremely high or low temperatures. Specific current/voltage outputs and limits are present in many laboratory apparatus: Power Source: -Depending on the power supply model, the output is variable. can fluctuate between millivolts to several volts or more, at different current densities. -Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): Even a minor electrostatic discharge, which is frequently in the thousands of volt range, can harm or impair the functioning of sensitive integrated circuits (ICs).

ETEC102 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS LAB 0: Lab Safety Show Your Answers to Your Instructor. EVALUATION: Write-up Evaluation (1 MARK) Q1 (1 MARK) Q2 (1 MARK) Q3 (1 MARK) Q4 (1 MARK) Q5 (1 MARK) Q6 (1 MARK) Q7 (1 MARK) Q8 (1 MARK) Q9 (1 MARK) Q10 TOTAL OUT OF 10: ______________

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