ECOR1043_ Circuits Lab 1 - Group 14 (2)

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Carleton University *

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1043

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Electrical Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lab #1: Introduction to Instruments ECOR1043: Circuits Lab Group No: 1043A2-G14 Performed on: 22/09/2023 Submitted on: 25/09/2023 6.1.1 3.

Wire OC/SC Wire OC/SC Wire OC/SC Wire OC/SC 1 & 2 SC 7 & 8 OC 11 & 12 OC 18 & 22 SC 1 & 13 SC 9 & 10 OC 14 & 16 SC 19 & 21 SC 5 & 6 SC 10 & 20 SC 15 & 16 OC 18 & 19 OC 6.2 3. 820 Ω: 0.798 Ω 1 kΩ: 0.981 kΩ 2.2 kΩ: 2.178 kΩ 2.7 MΩ: 1.520 MΩ 6.4.1 4. V R1 ≈ 1.986 V 6.4.2 4. I R1 ≈ = 0.87 mA 6.5 2. V R1 ≈ 1.95 V

3. V R2 ≈ 0.88 V 6.6 2. V R1 ≈ = 4.33 V V R2 ≈ = 0.88 V V R3 ≈ = 0.88 V 3. I R1 ≈ = 1.97 A I R2 ≈ = 0.88 mA I R3 ≈ = 1.10 mA 6.9.1 7. Vertical Scale = 1V 9. Horizontal Scale = 20 μs 11. Frequency f ≈ 10 kHz 12. Period T ≈ 100 μs

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13. 17. Value pp = 5.6154 V 18. RMS-cyc ≈ 2.571 V

19. 6.9.2 3. Period T ≈ 100 μs Frequency f ≈ 10 KHz Value pp = 5.439 V 4.

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6.10 13. Frequency f ≈ 500 Hz 14. Multimeter V ≈ 2.142 Oscilloscope V ≈ 2.152 15. Measured 1 Measured 2 Measured 3 Measured 4 Measured 5 Frequencies 1 KHz 10 KHz 20 KHz 30 KHz 40 KHz Multimeter V 2.123 1.171 0.578 0.297 0.127 Oscilloscope V 2.147 2.136 2.133 2.132 2.132 Discussion Questions: 1. In step 3 of section 6.2, the measured values of resistances were slightly different than the values obtained through the color coding chart. Why is it so? Give a percentage error for each resistor. % Error = [(experimental value - measured value) / measured value] x 100% 820 Ω = [(0.798 - 0.820) / 0.820] x 100 = 2.68% 1 k Ω = [(0.981 - 1.000) / 1.000] x 100 = 1.90% 2.2 k Ω = [(2.178 - 2.200) / 2.200] x 100 = 1.0% 2.7 M Ω = [(1.520 - 2.700) / 2.700] x 100 = 43.70% The manufacturing company which Carleton got the resistors from have margins at which the resistance must be in between to be considered good, they don't check every resistor so some faulty or even damaged resistors could have gotten sold. The Multimeter that measured the resistance of the resistors also has a margin of error and could have contributed to the differences.

2. Is it the right procedure to measure the resistance of a resistor already connected in the circuit? Explain why or why not? No it isn't the right procedure to measure resistance in that manner. At that point you may not actually be measuring the resistance of that particular resistor due to other components that may be in parallel with the resistor you are trying to measure, which will give you a different reading. This is very important when checking the tolerance initially because it can be difficult to tell or calculate if the resistance you measured in circuit is correct since parallel components as well as some series components can affect the values measured. 3. Plot the voltages measured using the DMM and the oscilloscope in step 15 of section 6.10 versus frequency. What trend do you notice about the values measured by DMM (as compared to the Oscilloscope) and why? Explain briefly? The oscilloscope maintains a somewhat consistent value, whereas the multimeter exhibits a continuous decrease in value. This trend arises from instrumental error. The oscilloscope relies on a battery, ensuring a constant voltage flow through the circuit, this is why the oscilloscope is good for measuring both large and small frequencies . In contrast, the multimeter, functioning as a resistor in the circuit, causes the voltage to steadily decline, this is why the multimeter is more accurate for measuring smaller frequencies.

4. Write one advantage of assembling a circuit on the breadboard and one advantage of soldering the circuit. Assembling a circuit on a breadboard offers the advantage of easy component changes, it is also easier and faster to construct. Conversely, soldering a circuit provides the advantage of enabling the controlled flow of current between conductors and will always guarantee an electrical connection if built correctly.

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