EEE 202 Lab 2 Data Sheet
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EEE 202 Lab 2 Data Sheet
Resistor Networks
Part 1: Selecting Resistors
You are given 5 different resistor values in the following table. If each one has a power rating of 125mW, what is the maximum voltage that can be applied across each resistor without exceeding its power rating? No need to build any circuits for this question.
Resistor Value (Ohms)
Maximum Voltage
5
0.79 V
50
2.5 V
5k
25 V
100k
111.8 V
1M
353.6 V
Part 2: Power Supplies
Hardware: Build the circuit shown using a DC power supply and a 1k
resistor. For each Voltage setting of V1, measure and record the current through the resistor (passing in the clockwise direction).
Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here:
1
2
Voltage (V1)
Current Through R1
1V
0.997mA 2V
1.994mA 3V
2.991mA 4V
3.988mA 5V
4.985mA Plot the Voltage vs. the Current. Use MATLAB, excel, any other software, or plot by hand to-scale on a piece of paper and include here a photo of your plot. Don’t forget the units on your plot on both axes.
What is the slope of the plot? __
1000.07__A/V
What is the theoretical value of the slope?
1000 A/V
Why?
Ohm’s Law states that V=IR which is why the slope has to be R in order to get the correct units. Why could there be a difference between the theoretical value and the measured value of the slope?
Tolerance issues effected by the resistance of the wire or the resistor. Measure the open circuit voltage of each supply (no resistor connected). Record your measurement in
the following table:
Supply
Open Circuit Voltage
(Include as many decimals as you can)
AD2’s V+ DC Supply (set to +5V)
4.98 V 3
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AD2’s V- DC Supply (set to -5V)
-4.99 V Next, build the circuit as shown using the AD2’s V+ DC supply for
V1 and using the two different resistors shown in the table below
and record your results. Repeat using the V-.
Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here:
100 ohm
4
5
Supply
Vout for R1 = 100
Vout for R1 = 1M
V+ = +5 V
8.4 mV 0 V V- = -5 V
-9.3 mV 0 V
Does AD2’s DC supply give consistent readings for the 100 Ohms and 1M Ohms resistor for the…
V+?
V-?
Explain
For the V+ on the 100
resistor, the readings are not accurate because of the resistance in the wire and the discrepancies oh the actual resistor, however the resistance for the
1 M
is high enough where no current can go through. What would happen if you put a wire from point A to point B across the resistor (short the resistor)? – don’t actually do it in your experiment – you’ll kill your battery!
The current through the resistor will drop to almost 0, because it is a short, and the current ants to flow where there is least resistance. Part 3: Series and Parallel Connections
For the following circuit, answer the following questions.
Single Load Configuration (Solar Panel = 5V, television = 100 Ohms, 125mW)
a)
If you want to maximize
the amount of power delivered to the load resistance, what resistor value should you use for the line resistor (Rline) from your inventory of resistors? Hint: check the lecture videos for the “Maximum Power Transfer”
choose a non-zero valued resistor in 6
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your inventory that minimizes the voltage drop over Rline.
Selected line resistance: Rline = ____
41.4 _________ Ohms
b)
What is the value of the power dissipated in the load resistance then? Does it exceed its power rating?
125mW
The power dissipated in the load resistance is equal to the rated power.
So, the power in load does not exceed it power rating.
c)
If you want to have a 25mW safe-margin (i.e. you want to dissipate not more than 100mW in your load resistance), what value of Rline would you choose then?
Answer:
You can increase the resistance of the Rline resistor
Selected line resistance (choose the value in part c): Rline = _______
47______ Ohms
d)
What is the voltage drop across the television? 3.54 V
e)
What is the power dissipated in the television in this circuit given the value of Rline you calculated in part (c) above? (note
: P=V
2
/R
) 301.8 mW
f)
How much energy does the television use in 1hour of operation? (
note
: E = P*
Δ
t
)
1086 J/hr
LTSPice Simulation: Now build this circuit in LTspice. Only use a resistor value for Rline that is close to the one you calculated in part (c) above. Attach a picture of the LTSpice schematics of your circuit here. Make sure the values of the components you used appear on your figure.
Screenshot of LTSpice Circuit:
7
On LTSpice, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below
Hardware Building: Once you’ve designed the circuit in LTSpice, build the circuit using a DC supply, breadboard, and discrete resistors on your breadboard.
Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here:
8
Using your multimeter, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below.
LTSPICE
Physical Build
Voltage
Current
Power
Voltage
Current
Power
Television
(100 Ohms)
3.401 V
-0.034 A
-0.116 W
3.303 V
0.033 A
0.1103 W
Do your LTSpice results match your physical results? If not, explain. Record the percentage error in the current measurement.
Percentage error = |
measured
−
simulated
|
simulated
×
100%
= 4.65%
Series Load Configuration (Solar Panel = 5V, replace R
load
with two series resistors: television = 100 Ohms, toaster = 50 kOhms)
a)
What is the voltage drop across the television and what is the voltage drop across the toaster?
Use the same Rline value you used before
V_tv= 9.9709 mV V_toast= 4.9853V 9
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b)
What is the power of the television and the power of the toaster in this circuit? (
note
: P=V
2
/R
)
P_tv=0.9941uW P_toast=0.9941uW c)
If you disconnect the toaster, what happens to the voltage across the television? Why?
The voltage would increase because there is less resistance now that the toast is not connected. LTSPice Simulation: Now build this circuit in LTspice. Only use a resistor value for Rline that is close to the one you calculated in part (c) above. Attach a picture of the LTSpice schematics of your circuit here. Make sure the values of the components you used appear on your figure.
Screenshot of LTSpice Circuit:
On LTSpice, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below
10
Hardware Building: Once you’ve designed the circuit in LTSpice, build the circuit using a DC supply, breadboard, and discrete resistors on your breadboard.
Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here:
Using your multimeter, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below.
LTSPICE
Physical Build
Voltage
Current
Power
Voltage
Current
Power
Television
(100 Ohms)
9.97 mV
9.971*10^-5
A
9.94
∗
10
−7 W
9.9 mV 0.1 mA
9.9*10^-7 W
Toaster (50 kOhms)
4.985 V
9.97*10^-5
A
4.97
∗
10
−4 W
4.97 V 0.1 mA
4.97*10^-4
W
Parallel Load Configuration (Solar Panel = 5V, television = 100 Ohms, toaster = 50 kOhms, connect
them in parallel instead of in series)
a)
What is the voltage drop across the television and what is the voltage drop across the toaster?
Use the same Rline value you used before
3.399 V
11
b)
What is the power of the television and the
power of the toaster in this circuit? (
note
: P=V
2
/R
)
0.135 W
c)
If you disconnect the toaster, what happens to the voltage across the television? Why?
The voltage will remain the same because they are connected in parallel now. LTSPice Simulation: Now build this circuit in LTspice. Only use a resistor value for Rline that is close to the one you calculated in part (c) above. Attach a picture of the LTSpice schematics of your circuit here. Make sure the values of the components you used appear on your figure.
Screenshot of LTSpice Circuit:
On LTSpice, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below
Hardware Building: Once you’ve designed the circuit in LTSpice, build the circuit using a DC supply, breadboard, and discrete resistors on your breadboard
Include a photo of your built circuit (breadboard and components) here:
12
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Using your multimeter, measure the load’s voltage and current, then use them to calculate the power consumed by the load. Record your results in the table below.
LTSPICE
Physical Build
Voltage
Current
Power
Voltage
Current
Power
Television
(100 Ohms)
3.399 V
0.03399
A
0.135 W
3.376 V
34.2 mA
0.115 W
Toaster
(50 kOhms)
3.399 V
6.799*10
^-5 A
2.71*10^
-4 W
3.373 V
0.068 mA
0.229
mW
If you need to design the configuration where the solar panel’s voltage is the same for ALL of the household items, will they be connected in series or in parallel and why? (Hint: do household items need a fixed voltage or a fixed current?
)
Parallel because the voltage from the solar panels would be same even if one or more panels would get covered by shade. Parallel works better because the remaining solar panels will still continue to generate the
power that is expected. Don’t forget to highlight your answers in your Data Sheet!
13
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