ECE 213 Lab Report 8

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Illinois Institute Of Technology *

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213

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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ECE 213 – Lab Report #8 Frequency Responses Of Active Networks Author: Supervisor: Rowan (Kathryn) Sparks Lukas Klicker Partner: Sofia Yng & Dave Tailor 11/22/23 Lab Section – 02 Acknowledgement: I acknowledge all works including figures, codes, and writings belong to me and/or persons who are referenced. I understand if any similarity in the code, comments, customized program behavior, report writings and/or figures are found, both the helper (original work) and the requestor (duplicated/modified work) will be called for academic disciplinary action. Signature:

Sparks 1 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Lab Procedure and Equipment List III. Data IV. Results and Analysis V. Conclusion VI. References

Sparks 2 I. Introduction In this lab, students must use a filter to analyze analog frequency and observe how to modify that frequency. Students will attempt to create an ideal low pass filter and observe the frequency said filter emits on the oscilloscope. In order to build this, students must create a circuit whose transfer function matches the ideal polynomial seen in the frequency chart seen below in Figure 1 . Figure 1 In order to do this, the different degrees of the polynomial must add together to create the transfer function, H(s). Different orders of low pass filters are created depending on the order of the polynomial as seen below in Figure 2 . Figure 2

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Sparks 3 The price of the filter increases as the order increases as the order depends on the amount of components added to the create in order to create the filter. In order to calculate the transfer function, students must use the equation seen below: H ( s )= V 2 ( s ) V 1 ( s ) = H 0 ω n 2 s 2 +( ω n Q ) s + ω n Where ω n = 1 RC 1 Q = 3 − K H 0 = K II. Lab Procedure and Equipment List In this lab students are to use 2 1.59 μ F capacitors, 2 100Ω resistors, a 1kΩ resistor, a 0.964kΩ resistor, a 0.586kΩ resistor, an MC1741 integrator, the Keysight waveform generator,

Sparks 4 the Keysight oscilloscope, and the Keysight digital multimeter to create a Butterworth and Chebyshev Filter. Using these components, students must create the circuit seen below in Figure 3 . Figure 3 Prior to the lab, students were to use the PSpice program in order to create a graph of the Sallen Key low pass filter seen in Figure 4 . Figure 4 Students must also create a preliminary schematic for a Butterworth and Chebyshev Filter seen in Figure 5 and Figure 6 and the graph for a Butterworth and Chebyshev seen in Figure 7 . Figure 5

Sparks 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

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Sparks 6 III. Data In the lab, students created the Chebyshev Filter circuit seen below in Figure 8 . Figure 8 IV. Results and Analysis Below is the Butterworth circuit frequency plot seen in Figure 9 . Figure 9

Sparks 7 Below in Figure 10 is the Chebyshev frequency plot. Figure 10

Sparks 8 Both of these figures are consistent with preliminary expectations. V. Conclusion In conclusion, students are attempting to create a low pass filter circuit to observe a frequency plot on the oscilloscope consistent with the prelab PSpice results. Clearly these plots are not as smooth as expectations; however this can be explained by the overall noise the machine intakes from the circuit. Because of this equipment error, there will be some bumps in the curve. This is especially true at the right hand of the plot due to it being 10K frequency allowing the machine to intake a lot of noise.

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