Chem181_Lab3_Microchem_precip_lab_solubility_table
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Chem 181
1
CHEM 181: Chemistry 1
Microchemistry/Precipitation Lab
The major advantage of the microchemistry system is the fact that smaller quantities of
chemical are safer to store and easier to discard when no longer needed.
The Microplate
The microplate forms a series of micro test tubes, which are referred to as wells on the
microplate. The well to be used in any particular experiment requiring the microplate is always
stated on the worksheet. Each row is labelled with a letter and each column is labelled with a
number.
The microplates are made of durable, non-wettable polystyrene, making them easy to clean.
The wells can be cleaned in a number of ways.
1.
Hold the wells under running tap water.
2.
Place the wells in a container with tap water. (Cover the wells with water.) Allow the wells to
soak until clean.
3.
If a precipitate has settled in a well, roll up a piece of tissue paper or use a cotton swab, wet
it, then push it into the well. Turn the “well cleaner” around several times until the precipitate
has been wiped off completely.
To dry the wells, shake the microplate until all the drops in the wells have come out. If
necessary, use a dry tissue paper or cotton swab to dry individual wells.
Background
When a substance is first placed into water, the process of dissolving takes place rapidly. The
material that is dissolved is called the
solute
, and the material that does the dissolving is called
the
solvent
. The
solubility
of a substance is defined as the concentration of solute in a
saturated solution at a specified temperature.
When ionic compounds dissolve, they
dissociate
or break into ions. These dissolved ions are
able to react with other dissolved ions.
Following is an abbreviated list of the common rules for solubility found in most introductory
chemistry tests. These rules are based on observation of how well certain compounds
dissociate in water.
1.
All common salts of Group 1 elements and ammonium ion are soluble.
2.
All common acetates and nitrates are soluble.
3.
All compounds of Group 17 with metals are soluble, except those of silver, mercury (I) and
lead.
4.
All sulphates are soluble, except those of barium, strontium, lead, calcium, silver and
mercury (I).
5.
Except for those in Rule 1, carbonates, hydroxides, oxalates, oxides and phosphates are
insoluble.
Chem 181
2
The above rules may help you predict what might occur in the dissolution (dissolving) of the
initial salt and/or the reaction of the newly formed salt when two solutions are brought together.
Note
: When two ionic solutions react, a double-replacement reaction
usually
takes place.
Purpose
To determine the reliability of solubility tables/rules to predict precipitates.
Predictions
Predict which of the following pairs of compounds will react to form a precipitate. Indicate by
writing “ppt” for precipitate and listing the expected precipitate or “NR” for no reaction.
This
must be done as part of your pre-lab.
The first two have been done as an example.
Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
SO
4
NH
4
OH
NaCl
NaI
NaOH
NaSCN
Cu(NO
3
)
2
ppt
CuCO
3(s)
NR
Ni(NO
3
)
2
Pb(NO
3
)
2
Co(NO
3
)
2
AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
Materials
Hardware
96-well microplate
pipettes
Chemicals
distilled water
0.1 M solutions of:
Group A
copper(II)nitrate
nickel(II)nitrate
lead(II)nitrate
cobalt(II)nitrate
silver nitrate
iron(III)nitrate
Group B
sodium carbonate
sodium sulphate
ammonium hydroxide
sodium chloride
sodium iodide
sodium hydroxide
sodium thiocyanate
Chem 181
3
Procedure
In this experiment, you will mix each of the reagents in Group A with each of the
reagents in Group B. Arrange the microplate so that the lettered rows are on the left and
the numbered columns are at the top.
1.
Place 4 drops of copper(II)nitrate in each of the numbered wells from 1 to 7 in row A.
After rinsing your pipette, fill the wells in row B with 4 drops of nickel(II)nitrate. Rinse
your pipette again and continue in a similar manner using all solutions from Group A.
2.
When all of the rows have been given the particular reagent from group A, begin to
add 4 drops of each of the reagents from group B, one reagent to each column.
Rinse your pipette between samples so that contamination does not occur.
3.
As you are adding the solutions in Step 3, record any form of reactivity (i.e., gas, ppt,
colour change, etc.) in the data chart provided.
Evidence
Record any colour changes, state changes, etc. Indicate precipitates as “ppt.” Star
any results that disagree with your predictions.
Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
SO
4
NH
4
OH
NaCl
NaI
NaOH
NaSCN
Cu(NO
3
)
2
Ni(NO
3
)
2
Pb(NO
3
)
2
Co(NO
3
)
2
AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
Analysis
Write and balance a double-replacement equation for six of the combinations that
showed precipitation. Use one from each row.
Evaluation
Do your observations agree with what you predicted using your solubility tables? List
each combination that did not react as expected and give a brief explanation why that
may have occurred.
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Chem 181
4
Sources of Error
Explain what may have happened to your experiment that would cause your results to
disagree with known solubility tables.
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Related Questions
Complete Table 6 using
the written data and
given information in
Table 2
Part 1: Effect of Concentration
The first part of the experiment is carried out at constant (room) temperature. Trial 1 is your
baseline measurement. In Trials 2 and 3 you will change the concentration of Solution #1 or
Solution #3, respectively.
Table 2. Effect of reactant concentration on reaction rate
Soln #2
0.0025 M
Soln #1
0.10 M
KI
20.0 mL
Na₂S₂O3
10.0 mL
10.0 mL
10.0 mL
20.0 mL
10.0 mL
Trial
1
2
3
1
Time (s)
Trial (n) [1]
2
Table 6: Ion Concentrations in Reaction Mixture
3
Temp.
(°C)
I min 17
21°C
2 min 27
21°C
3 min 13 21°C
C
0.040 mol/L
[S₂O3²]
[S₂08²]
Water
0.0 mL
10.0 mL
10.0 mL
Starch
[
[
3 drops
3 drops
3 drops
Soln # 3
0.10 M
(NH4)2S2O8
20.0 mL
20.0 mL
10.0 mL
Total Vol.
% Change in lon Concentration
Relative to Trial 1
] decreased by
] decreased by
50.0 mL
50.0 mL
50.0 mL
%
%
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Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
This experiment was performed two times.
All values are valid to one decimal place. If the decimal place is not shown, add a ".0"
Experiment Mass of Mg (mg) Starting Temperature (°C) Final Temperature (°C)
1
2
19.6
20.7
19.5
20.7
33
33.5
The previous page contained data from two experimental runs for the reaction between magnesium and
hydrochloric acid.
Mg+ 2HC! MgCl2 + H2
First, how many moles (n) of Mg reacted with the HCI? Use the average value of the two masses from
your provided data set.
Answer: 0.001658
I
Mg + 2HCI MgCl2 + H2
Next, what is the amount of heat absorbed by the water (qsurr) in the experiment? Use the average AT
from your data to calculate a single value for q. Report your answer in J.
Remember to consult the lab manual and/or the video for any values you might need.
Answer:
Mg + 2HC! MgCl2 + H2
Finally, calculate A,H for this reaction and report your answer in kJ/mol.
Answer:
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phs.blackboard.com/webapps/assessment/take/take.jsp?course_assessment_id%3D 36688_1&course_id%3D_31958 1&content_id%3_1130567_1&-
8r
10
13 140 15
16
20
11
12
17
18
19
20
A Moving to another question will save this response.
Quèstion 6
Select the statement that is not supported by the following equation:
q=0=(mwater)(Cwater)(ATwater)+ (mmetal)(Cmetal)( ATmetal)
The total change in heat is the sum of the changes in heat of water and a metal.
Energy is conserved.
Energy is transferred between water and a metal.
Energy is lost during a calorimetry experiment.
A Moving to another question will save this response.
hp
&
%23
9.
6.
00
进3
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Convert each "b" value from the three Graphs ln(Conc) to the Initial Concentration.
Graph Two: y= -0.0048x -11.125
Graph Four: y= 161824x - 13.326
Graph Five: y= -0.0189x -10.903
**Note these are the y= mx-b equation from the linear graph, In(concentration) vs time. I don't know how to convert natural log value such as -11.125 to the initial concentration.
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Find the Final volume of buret (mL) and the Concentration of NaOH (M )
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If this item does not open automatically you can open Data Sheet here
=
106106334
Part I. Reaction of Fe³+ and SCN™
Test tube
A
B
C
5
Adding NH3 (aq)
1/1
Action performed
Experiment 15
Chemical Equilibrium and Le Châtelier's Principle
Adding Fe(NO3)3 (aq)
Adding NaSCN (aq)
Adding NaNO3(aq)
Part II. Reaction of Cu²+ and aqueous NH3
Action performed
Mixing CuSO4 and NH3 (aq).
Oll
y
31
88% +
Data Sheet
Observations
Observations.
DELL
العال[
O
:
*
8
CH127 Introductory General Chemistry Laboratory
Conclusion
Conclusion
O
Dec 18
8:09 2
3
Р
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O CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Balancing chemical equations with interfering coefficients
Balance the chemical equation below using the smallest possible whole number stoichiometric coefficients.
CH,CH, (g) + O,(g) → CO,(g) + H,O(g)
X
Ś
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Ca2+ in a drinking water sample was analyzed by the following reactions below:
Ca2+(aq) + C2O42-(aq) → CaC2O4 (s) → CaO(s) + CO(g)+ CO2(g)
First an excess of C2O42- was added to 0.10 L of the Ca2+ water sample.
Then CaC2O4 was precipitated, which was demcomposed into CaO with filtering and some heat.
The CaO was measured to be 5.61 mg.
What is the concentration of Ca2+ in the original water sample? The MW of CaO is 56.1 g/mol.
0.0100M
0.0010 M
1.00 M
0.100 M
The partition coefficient (K) of methylamine (CH3NH2) is 4.50, preferring the organic layer over the aqueous layer in this extraction. The Ka of methylammonium (CH3NH3+) is 2.00 x 10-11. If 10 mL aqueous methylamine solution at pH 11.0 is extracted with 20.0 mL organic solvent, what is the fraction of solute remaining in the water (q)?
HINT: methylamine is a weak base.
14.3%
10.0%
18.2%
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Part IV
Cabbage Juice Indicator
Chop cabbage into small pieces until you have about 2 cups of chopped
cabbage. Boil for at least ten minutes to allow time for the color to leach out of
the cabbage. Allow it to cool for 15 min
• Filter out the plant material to obtain a red-purple-bluish colored liquid.
1. Add 1-2 drops of cabbage juice into a small bowl
2. Add 3-5 drops of vinegar into the bowl with the cabbage juice
3. Observe
Is this a chemical change or physical change? Explain?
Store the excess cabbage juice in your refrigerator, you will need them for future
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For the reaction 2N2O5(g) ® 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the following data were collected.
t (minutes)
[N2O5] (mol/L)
0
1.24 x 10–2
10
0.92 x 10–2
20
0.68 x10–2
30
0.50 x 10–2
40
0.37 x 10–2
50
0.28 ´ 10–2
70
0.15 ´ 10–2
The initial rate of production of NO2 for this reaction is approximately:
A)
6.4 x10–4 mol/L • min
B)
3.2 x10–4 mol/L • min
C)
1.24 x 10–2 mol/L • min
D)
1.6 x 10–4 mol/L • min
E)
none of these
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HCO, (aq) + H₂SO4 (aq) →?
Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
ΑΣΦ ←
A chemical reaction does not occur for this question.
Submit Request Answer
Part B
?
CO2 (aq) + HNO3(aq) →?
Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
ΑΣΦ
Submit Request Answer
?
A chemical reaction does not occur for this question.
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Consider the balanced chemical equations shown below. When a 6.00 g sample of a mixture of iron (Fe) and
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Fe in the original mixture? Choose the closest answer.
Fe(s) + 2 HCI(aq) FeCl2(aq) - + H2(g)
2 Al(s) +6 HC((aq) 2 AICI3(aq) + 3 H2(g)
96 %
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17 %
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